Controlled inoculation of Norway spruce (Picea abies) with Sirococcus conigenus: PCR-based quantification of the pathogen in host tissue and infection-related increase of phenolic metabolites |
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Authors: | Günther Bahnweg Roland Schubert Rolf D Kehr Gerhard Müller-Starck Werner Heller Christian Langebartels Heinrich Sandermann Jr |
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Institution: | GSF–National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Ingolst?dter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Section of Forest Genetics, Technical University of Munich at Weihenstephan, Am Hochanger 13, 85354 Freising, Germany, Federal Biological Research Center for Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Plant Protection in Forests, Messeweg 11/12, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany,
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Abstract: | Controlled inoculation of spruce seedling needle crowns and of shoots of 4-year-old spruce trees by Sirococcus conigenus led to disease symptoms (discoloration and necrosis) and to the induction of phenolic metabolites. Even upon complete infection, as proved by re-isolation of the pathogen from inoculated seedlings, only 40% of the plants developed visible disease symptoms after 38 days. A Sirococcus-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pair, SIRO1 and SIRO6, was designed based on sequences of a RAPD fragment. The primer pair permitted the detection of 1 pg fungal DNA (10-40 genomes) in 1 mg fresh weight spruce tissues (needles, bark, wood), regardless of visible disease symptoms. The amounts of the major phenolic compound of spruce needles, catechin, increased significantly in all of the five spruce provenances as a response to inoculation with Sirococcus. The second major phenolic compound, picein, increased in three of the provenances, whereas the remaining two had high concentrations to begin with and showed no reaction. Minor phenolic compounds increased in response to infection regardless of provenance. In a preliminary field study, Sirococcus infection of spruce was detectable by PCR even in the presence of massive infection by other fungi, such as Rhizospaera spp. and Lophodermium spp. |
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