Phytohormonal signaling in plant responses to aphid feeding |
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Authors: | Iwona Morkunas Van Chung Mai Beata Gabry? |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture,Poznań University of Life Sciences,Poznan,Poland;2.Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Zielona Góra,Zielona Gora,Poland;3.Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences,University of Vinh,Vinh,Vietnam |
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Abstract: | Aphid feeding induces various defense signaling mechanisms in plants. The recognition of feeding activities by plants occurs
through the use of transmembrane pattern recognition receptors (PRRS) or, acting largely inside the cell, polymorphic nucleotide-binding
leucine-rich-repeat (NB-LRR) protein products, encoded by most R genes. Activation may induce defensive reactions which are
the result of highly coordinated sequential changes at the cellular level comprising, among other changes, the synthesis of
signaling molecules. The ensuing plant responses are followed by the transmission of defense response signal cascades. Signals
are mediated by bioactive endogenous molecules, i.e. phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene
(ET), abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellic acid (GA) and free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) which independently provide direct chemical resistance. Plant-induced defenses are also regulated
by a network of inter-connecting signaling pathways, in which JA, SA, and ET play dominant roles. Both synergistic and inhibitory
aspects of the cross-talk among these pathways have been reported. This paper presents molecular mechanisms of plant response
to aphid feeding, the precise activation of various endogenous bioactive molecules signaling in the response of many plant
species and their participation in the regulation of numerous defense genes, which lead to a specific metabolic effect. Selected
important points in signal transduction pathways were also discussed in studies on plant response to aphid feeding. |
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