Molecular phylogeny reveals extensive ancient and ongoing radiations in a snapping shrimp species complex (Crustacea,Alpheidae, Alpheus armillatus) |
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| Authors: | Lauren M Mathews Arthur Anker |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, MA 01609, USA;2. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Naos Unit 0948, APO A.A. 34002, USA;1. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, University of Lodz, Banacha 12/16, 90-237 ?ód?, Poland;2. Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Limnology, Center of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Szczecin, W?ska 13, 71-415 Szczecin, Poland;1. Simon F.S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China;2. Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, UK;1. Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria;2. Morska ?kola Pula, Valsaline 31, 52100 Pula, Croatia;3. Natural History Museum Rijeka, Lorenzov prolaz 1, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia;4. Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), Anavissos, Greece;5. Institut Systématique Evolution Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d''Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Station Marine de Concarneau, Place de la Croix, 29900 Concarneau, France;1. Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico;2. Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad (INABIO), Colección de Peces Calle Rumipamba 341, Av. De los Shyris, Parque “La Carolina”, Quito, Ecuador;3. CONACYT-Laboratorio de Zoología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. De las Ciencias s/n, Juriquilla, C.P 76230, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico;4. Museo de Zoología/ Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET) y Centro de Investigación en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología (CIMAR), Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro de Montes de Oca, 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica;5. Naos Marine Laboratory, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama;6. Universidad Francisco Gavidia, Instituto de Ciencia, Tecnología e Inovación, Segundo Nivel, Calle El Progreso N°2748, San Salvador, El Salvador;7. Dirección del Parque Nacional Galápagos, Puerto Ayora, Islas Galápagos, Ecuador;8. Unidad de Ecología y Biodiversidad Acuática, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Ciudad Universitaria 3000, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico;9. Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Edificio “R” Planta Baja, Ciudad Universitaria, Morelia, Michoacán 58030, Mexico |
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| Abstract: | Tropical marine habitats often harbor high biodiversity, including many cryptic taxa. Though the prevalence of cryptic marine taxa is well known, the evolutionary histories of these groups remain poorly understood. The snapping shrimp genus Alpheus is a good model for such investigations, as cryptic species complexes are very common, indicating widespread genetic diversification with little or no morphological change. Here, we present an extensive phylogeographic investigation of the diversified amphi-American Alpheus armillatus species complex, with geographic sampling in the Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, Florida, Brazil, and the tropical Eastern Pacific. Sequence data from two mitochondrial genes (16SrRNA and cytochrome oxidase I) and one nuclear gene (myosin heavy chain) provide strong evidence for division of the species complex into six major clades, with extensive substructure within each clade. Our total data set suggests that the A. armillatus complex includes no less than 19 putative divergent lineages, 11 in the Western Atlantic and 8 in the Eastern Pacific. Estimates of divergence times from Bayesian analyses indicate that the radiation of the species complex began ～10 MYA with the most recent divergences among subclades dating to within the last 3 MY. Furthermore, individuals from the six major clades had broadly overlapping geographic distributions, which may reflect secondary contact among previously isolated lineages, and have apparently undergone several changes in superficial coloration, which is typically the most pronounced phenotypic character distinguishing lineages. In addition, the extensive substructure within clades indicates a great deal of molecular diversification following the rise of the Isthmus of Panama. In summary, this investigation reflects substantial biodiversity concealed by morphological similarity, and suggests that both ancient and ongoing divergences have contributed to the generation of this biodiversity. It also underlines the necessity to work with the most complete data set possible, which includes comprehensive and wide-ranging sampling of taxa. |
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