The genetic toxicity of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane, 1,2-dibromo-3- chloro-2-methylpropane,and 1,2,3-tribromo-2-methylpropane

1,2-Dibromo-3-chloro-2-methylpropane (DBCMP) and 1,2,3- tribromo-2-methylpropane (TBMP) are contaminants formed during the manufacture of bromobutyl rubber. These chemicals are structurally similar to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), a known genotoxin and rodent carcinogen. The present study compared the genotoxic properties of DBCMP and TBMP to those of DBCP. In the Salmonella assay, DBCP was positive in strains TA98, TA-100 and TA-1535 in the presence of exogenous activation; DBCP was weakly active in TA-1535 in the absence of activation. Neither DBCMP nor TBMP produced reproducible evidence of mutagenic activity in the Salmonella assay despite the use of several different variations of this test. In the mouse lymphoma gene mutation assay DBCP and TBMP were positive in the presence and absence of activation, while DBCMP was positive only in the absence of activation. All three test compounds were active in the Syrian hamster embryo morphologic transformation assay. The results indicated that both DBCMP and TBMP exhibited some genotoxic activity as did DBCP. The presence of the methyl group on the 2-carbon position essentially eliminated the mutagenicity of DBCMP and TBMP in the Salmonella assay.abbreviations CHO Chinese hamster ovary cells - DBCMP 1,2-dibromo-3-chloro-2-methylpropane - DBCP 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane - DMEM Dulbecco's Eagle's minimal E medium - MNNG N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine - S-9 microsomal fraction from rodent liver - TBMP 1,2,3-tribromo-2-methylpropane - TBP 1,2,3-tribromopropane - TFT trifluorothymidine