Effect of microstructure upon elastic behaviour of human tooth enamel |
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| Authors: | Z.-H. Xie M.V. Swain G. Swadener P. Munroe M. Hoffman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA;2. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia;3. Biomaterials Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia;4. School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;5. Engineering Systems and Management, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK;1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;3. Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;1. Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Energética y de los Materiales, Universidad de Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain;2. Department of Biology, Saint Michaels College, Colchester, VT 05439, USA;3. Materials Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA;1. Department of Orthodontics, Dentofacial Orthopedics and Pedodontics, Charité ? Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité ? Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;3. Oral Health Cooperative Research Centre, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;4. Department of Oral Structural Biology, Charité ? Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Aßmannshauser Str. 4-6, 14197 Berlin, Germany;3. The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142;4. Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;5. Department of Oral Biology, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213;6. Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205;12. Department of Periodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Regeneration, University of Pittsburgh, School of Dental Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 |
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| Abstract: | Tooth enamel is the stiffest tissue in the human body with a well-organized microstructure. Developmental diseases, such as enamel hypomineralisation, have been reported to cause marked reduction in the elastic modulus of enamel and consequently impair dental function. We produce evidence, using site-specific transmission electron microscopy (TEM), of difference in microstructure between sound and hypomineralised enamel. Built upon that, we develop a mechanical model to explore the relationship of the elastic modulus of the mineral–protein composite structure of enamel with the thickness of protein layers and the direction of mechanical loading. We conclude that when subject to complex mechanical loading conditions, sound enamel exhibits consistently high stiffness, which is essential for dental function. A marked decrease in stiffness of hypomineralised enamel is caused primarily by an increase in the thickness of protein layers between apatite crystals and to a lesser extent by an increase in the effective crystal orientation angle. |
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