The effect of surface area digitizations on the prediction of spherical anatomical geometries for computer-assisted applications |
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| Authors: | KD Whitney LM Ferreira GJW King JA Johnson |
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| Institution: | 1. Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph''s Health Centre, 268 Grosvenor Street, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2;2. Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 268 Grosvenor Street, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2;3. Department of Medical Biophysics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, 268 Grosvenor Street, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2;4. Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 268 Grosvenor Street, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2;5. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 268 Grosvenor Street, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 4V2;1. Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, SHPB 385, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA;2. Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Ave S, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA;3. Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, University of Alabama, 412 Russell Hall, Box 870311, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35487, USA;1. College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China;2. School of Information Science and Technology, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China;3. Key Laboratory of Data Science and Intelligence Application, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou 363000, China;4. Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Personalized Learning in Education of Henan Province, Xinxiang 453007, China |
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| Abstract: | Intraoperative digitization of osseous structures is an integral component of computer-assisted orthopaedic surgery. This study determined the repeatability and accuracy of predicting known radii and center locations of spherical objects for different proportions of digitized surface areas and various sphere sizes. Also, we investigated these accuracies for some relevant near-spherical osseous structures where results from full area digitizations were considered to be true. Digitizations were performed using an electromagnetic tracker with a stylus on the total and fractional surfaces of 10 hemispheres, ranging from 10 to 28 mm in radius. Repeatability was quantified by digitizing five trials of the entire surface and various fractional areas of selected hemisphere sizes. Similar trials were conducted on models of a humeral and femoral head, using the full head area as baseline and digitizing 15 and 30 mm diameter areas of the full head. Mean error for the predicted radii and center positions of the hemispheres ranged from 0.39±0.29 to 0.14±0.07 mm and 0.52±0.31 to 0.22±0.12 mm, respectively. Repeatability for the predicted radii and centers produced maximum standard deviations of 0.31 and 0.42 mm, respectively. All errors decreased as fractional area (40%, 60%, 80% and 100%) increased (p<0.05). Radius of curvature and center position errors for the humeral head model were 1.51±2.11 and 2.28±1.51 mm, respectively. These errors for the femoral head model were 3.37±4.14 and 4.25±4.14 mm, respectively. Errors resulting from the prediction of radius and center indicate that non-spherical anatomical structures are more sensitive to the digitized area, and hence digitization of the largest surface possible seems warranted. |
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