Effect of subunit IV on superoxide generation by Rhodobacter sphaeroides cytochrome bc1 complex

Previous studies indicate that the three-subunit cytochrome bc₁ core complex of Rhodobacter sphaeroides contains a fraction of the electron transfer activity of the wild-type enzyme. Addition of subunit IV to the core complex increases electron transfer activity to the same level as that of the wild-type complex. This activity increase may result from subunit IV preventing electron leakage, from the low potential electron transfer chain, and reaction with molecular oxygen, producing superoxide anion. This suggestion is based on the following observations: (1) the extent of cytochrome b reduction in the three-subunit core complex, by ubiquinol, in the presence of antimycin A, never reaches the same level as that in the wild-type complex; (2) the core complex produces 4 times as much superoxide anion as does the wild-type complex; and (3) when the core complex is reconstituted with subunit IVs having varying reconstitutive activities, the activity increase in reconstituted complexes correlates with superoxide production decrease and extent of cytochrome b reduction increase.