磁共振技术在轻度认知障碍与阿尔茨海默病中的研究进展

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是当今老年人最常见的一种原发性神经退行性疾病。其主要病理学特征表现为神经元的脱失、神经纤维缠结及老年斑形成。轻度认知障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)被认为是AD及其他老年痴呆症的前驱阶段,可进一步转化成AD,且MCI与AD有着相似的病理变化。随着MCI和AD患病数的逐年增加,其给患者家属及社会增添了巨大负担,因此,对MCI和AD作出早期诊断变得尤为重要。然而,MCI和AD早期的临床表现并不突出,且实验室检查也缺乏足够的特异性,当临床医生做出明确诊断时,多数患者已处于AD的中晚期。近年来,随着磁共振技术的不断发展,多种磁共振技术已广泛地应用于MCI和AD的研究中,并为MCI及AD的早期诊断提供了重要的影像学依据。本文分别从结构性磁共振(s MRI)、静息态f MRI、磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)、磁共振波谱成像(MRS)、磁敏感加权成像(SWI)及MRI分子影像几个方面,阐述多种磁共振技术在MCI和AD研究中的进展。

The Progress of Researching on Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease by MRI Techniques

Alzheimer''s disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases in elder adult. Its main pathology is characterized by loss of neurons, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) often lead to AD and it is considered as the early-stage of AD as there are so many similar pathological changes between them. With the increasing of the AD and MCI, it places tremendous burden on the patients , their families and the community. So an early diagnosis is hugely important, while there is no specific method neither in clinic nor basic research can achieve that. When the clinician made a clear diagnosis, most patients had been in the middle or late stage of AD. In recent years, multiple technologies of magnetic resonance imaging are playing an important role in the early detection of MCI and AD, and they are considered to accomplish this goal. In this paper, we are going to expound multiple magnetic resonance technologies in the MCI and AD research progress.from structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), magnetic susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) and MRI molecular imaging aspects.