淡水入侵生物沼蛤的污损机制与防污措施研究进展

沼蛤是一种典型的淡水入侵贝类,能够利用其分泌的足丝牢固黏附在多种水下基质表面,引起严重的生物污损问题。沼蛤污损不但影响水生态系统健康,也给水利工程、交通运输、水产养殖等行业带来经济损失,已成为全球水生态系统安全和国民经济重要行业的潜在威胁,相关防污工作亟待开展。欲从根本上解决沼蛤污损问题,一方面需要加强对其基础生物学特性和污损机制的深入解析,另一方面也需要在此基础上研发更加经济、高效、环境友好的防污措施。本文综述了近年来国内外关于沼蛤污损生物学特性、污损机制和防污措施方面的研究进展,尤其是对沼蛤生物污损发生的主要机制如足探测识别、足丝黏附和环境影响等方面进行了总结,也从物理、化学、生物和防污材料等角度阐述了现有的沼蛤污损控制措施并对未来发展方向进行了展望,以期更加深入地理解沼蛤生物污损现象,为揭示其作用机制、制定科学有效的防污措施、维护水生态系统安全提供数据支撑,综述内容对于水下仿生材料研发也具有重要的参考价值。

Research progress on the fouling mechanisms and anti-fouling strategies of the freshwater invasive golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei

The golden mussel Limnoperna fortunei Dunker 1857, a representative freshwater invasive bivalve, can use its byssus to firmly adhere to various underwater substrate surfaces, causing a serious biofouling problem. Biofouling by golden mussels not only affects the health of aquatic ecosystems, but also brings about economic losses to water conservancy projects, transportation, and aquaculture, making it a potential threat to aquatic ecosystem safety and national economically important industries. Therefore, strategies to control the biofouling (named anti-fouling) of this species are urgently needed. To fundamentally solve the fouling problem caused by this species, it is necessary to strengthen an in-depth understanding of its biological characteristics and fouling mechanisms, as well as develop more economical, efficient, and environmentally friendly anti-fouling strategies. Therefore, this review summarizes advances in knowledge of fouling mechanisms and anti-fouling strategies for the golden mussel L. fortunei developed in recent years. The main biological characteristics and fouling mechanisms, including foot detection, byssus adhesion, and their environmental influences, are reviewed here. Research progress on anti-fouling strategies against L. fortunei is also summarized, including physical, chemical, biological, and material methods. This review provides support for an in-depth understanding of the fouling phenomenon and mechanisms of golden mussels and provides a theoretical reference for formulating effective anti-fouling strategies and maintaining aquatic ecosystem safety. The content of this review also has important reference value for the research and development of underwater biomimetic materials in the future.