Rapid evolution in response to introduced predators II: the contribution of adaptive plasticity |
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Authors: | IV" target="_blank">Leigh C LattaIV Jeremy W Bakelar Roland A Knapp Michael E Pfrender |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill Road, 84322 Logan, UT, USA;(2) Sierra Nevada Aquatic Research Laboratory, University of California, HCR 79, Box 198, 93546 Mammoth Lakes, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | Background Introductions of non-native species can significantly alter the selective environment for populations of native species, which
can respond through phenotypic plasticity or genetic adaptation. We examined phenotypic and genetic responses of Daphnia populations to recent introductions of non-native fish to assess the relative roles of phenotypic plasticity versus genetic
change in causing the observed patterns. The Daphnia community in alpine lakes throughout the Sierra Nevada of California (USA) is ideally suited for investigation of rapid adaptive
evolution because there are multiple lakes with and without introduced fish predators. We conducted common-garden experiments
involving presence or absence of chemical cues produced by fish and measured morphological and life-history traits in Daphnia melanica populations collected from lakes with contrasting fish stocking histories. The experiment allowed us to assess the degree
of population differentiation due to fish predation and examine the contribution of adaptive plasticity in the response to
predator introduction. |
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