濒危植物野生东北红豆杉群落特征及保护策略

以长白山自然保护区野生东北红豆杉种群为研究对象,在野生东北红豆杉的主要分布区设置4块标准地(50 m×50 m),运用群落生态学方法统计野生东北红豆杉的树木特征(树高、胸径、冠幅等),立地条件,林分状况等,分析野生东北红豆杉在分布地区的群落物种多样性特征。所调查的4个样地共有木本植物32种,隶属17科24属,草本植物53种,隶属于23科41属。不同样地的Simpson指数和Shannon指数变化一致,样地C4的均匀度Pielou指数为草本层>灌木层>乔木层,其余的样地均为灌木层>乔木层>草本层。Margalef丰富度指数显示,除了样地C4的草本层物种丰富度最大之外,其余3个样地都是乔木层物种丰富度指数最大。在4个样地中,野生东北红豆杉的重要值偏低,在群落中不占优势。野生东北红豆杉所在的群落主要以红松、长白鱼鳞云杉、紫椴等针阔叶树种组成的混交林。根据这种现象,提出了野生东北红豆杉的保护策略,为野生东北红豆杉资源的保护、繁育和利用提供了合理建议和有效途径。

Communities and Protection Strategy of Endangered Species Wild Taxus cuspidata

With the wild Taxus cuspidata communities in Changbai Mountain as the research object, we set up the four standard areas(50 m×50 m), then analyzed the tree characteristics(height, DBH, crown width, etc.), site conditions, stand status by forest mensuration and population statistics, and studied the species diversity characteristics of T.cuspidata community in the distribution area. The four communities contained 32 woody species belonging to 17 families and 24 genera, 53 herbaceous species belonging to 23 families and 41 genera. And the changes of Simpson index and Shannon index are consistent, as for Pielou index in four communities were herb layer > shrub layer > arbor layer, and another sample areas were shrub layer > arbor layer > herb layer. The highest Margalef index in four community was herb layer, and in the rest of the plots was arbor layer. Besides, the important value of T.cuspidata was lower in each community. T.cuspidata were mainly composed of mixed forests of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Picea jezoensis Carr. var. komarovii and Tilia amurensis Rupr.. Thus, the effective measures and countermeasures for the conservation, breeding and utilization of wild T.cuspidata resources were provided.