Alterations in secondary metabolism of aposymbiotically grown mycobionts of Xanthoria elegans and cultured resynthesis stages |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Organismic Biology, University of Salzburg, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, Salzburg 5020, Austria;2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of Graz, Graz 8010, Austria;1. Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA;2. FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany;3. Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland;4. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA;5. Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria;6. Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland;7. Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA;8. UBC Herbarium, Beaty Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada;9. Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Königin-Luise-Strasse 6-8, D-14195 Berlin, Germany;10. Departamento de Biologı́a Vegetal I, Facultad de CC. Biológicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, E-28040-Madrid, Spain;11. Botanical Museum, Lund University, Box 117, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden;12. BioLiq Laboratorio de Bioindicadores y Liquenología, Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Bariloche, 8400RN, Argentina;13. Department of Plant Biology (Botany Unit), Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;14. CEES, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, PB 1066 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway;15. Institute of Systematic Botany, The New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, NY 10458-5126, USA;p. Harvard University Herbaria, Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;q. National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, 45 Center Drive, MSC 6510, Bethesda, MD 20892-6510, USA;r. Evolution and Conservation Biology, University of Liège, Sart Tilman B22, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;s. Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing, Oregon State University, 3021 Agriculture and Life Sciences Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-7303, USA;t. School of Plant Sciences, The University of Arizona, 1140 E. South Campus Drive, Forbes 303, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA;1. Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada;2. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3T 2N2, Canada;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany;2. Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany;3. Science & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605, USA;4. Department of Lichenology and Bryology, Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, Germany;5. GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, D-80333 München, Germany;6. Korean Lichen Research Institute, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, South Korea;1. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai 79-7, Hodogayaku, 240-8501 Yokohama, Japan;2. Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjyo-nakano, 010-0195 Akita, Japan;1. University of Trieste, Department of Life Sciences, via Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;2. Science & Education, The Field Museum, Chicago, IL, USA;3. Botany Department, EA Herbarium, National Museums of Kenya, P.O. Box 40658-00100, Nairobi, Kenya;4. Botánica, Instituto Cavanilles de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Fac. CC. Biológicas, Universitat de València, C/ Dr. Moliner, 50. 46100-Burjassot, Valencia, Spain;5. Botanische Staatssammlung München, SNSB-BSM, Menzinger Str. 67, D-80638 Munich, Germany;6. Department of Biology and M. L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA |
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| Abstract: | HPLC analyses of Xanthoria elegans cultivated on different media and either aposymbiontically or with its photobiont revealed that the carbon source and the presence of the algal partner have an impact on the secondary metabolism of the mycobiont. The aposymbiotically (without photobiont) grown mycobiont contained up to 70% more of the main compounds in its thallus than in resynthesis stage. Although this is speculative, the induction of the polyketide pathway may be a feedback mechanism to the absence of the photobiont. All cultures produce a variety of substances which were not detectable in the voucher specimen. Besides physcion (the major substance), we were able to identify emodin as well as physcion-bisanthrone, teloschistin monoacetate and derivatives. A strong inducible effect on the production of physcion, physcion-bisanthrone and on their precursors and derivatives was found for mannitol. By contrast, supplementation of ribitol had negligible effects, if any, on polyketide quantities although it is the main carbon source for the mycobiont in free-living lichens with Trebouxia photobiont. |
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