Parasitism,longevity and progeny production of six indigenous Kenyan trichogrammatid egg parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) at different temperature and relative humidity regimes

Six native Kenyan species/strains of Trichogramma and Trichogrammatoidea, recovered from Helicoverpa armigera were evaluated at six different temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35°C) and two relative humidity levels (40–50 and 70–80%) with the aim of selecting strains adapted to warmer temperature regimes. The species/strains were collected from low (<700 m), medium (between 700 and 1200 m) and high altitude (>1200 m) locations and were evaluated for parasitism, adult longevity, progeny production and progeny sex ratio at the different environmental regimes. Eggs of the factitious host, Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used in the investigations. Temperature and humidity interactions affected parasitism and progeny production. The highest parasitism at the two humidity levels was at 25 and 30°C for all the strains evaluated. Adult longevity was also significantly affected by the interaction of temperature and relative humidity and was longer at the lower than higher relative humidity. Survival followed a type I survivorship curve at lower temperatures and a type III survivorship curve at the higher temperatures. Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai from low altitude, Trichogramma sp. nr. mwanzai from medium altitude and Trichogrammatoidea sp. nr. lutea also from medium altitude lived longer than other strains at all the temperatures and relative humidity levels evaluated, including the warmest regimes of 30 and 35°C. These strains appear promising as candidates for augmentative biocontrol of H. armigera in Kenya.