Evolution of neuropeptide Y and its related peptides |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Genetics, Uppsala University, Box 589, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden;1. Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Instituto de Neurociencias del Principado de Asturias (INEUROPA), University of Oviedo, Spain;2. Laboratory of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Portugal;3. Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine and Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Portugal;4. Ruhr University Bochum, Medical Faculty, Dept. Neurophysiology, Bochum, Germany;1. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada;2. Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada;3. Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada;4. Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada;1. Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;2. Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States;1. CNC–Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Largo Marquês de Pombal, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal;2. CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Portugal;3. Instituto de Educação e Cidadania, 3770-033 Mamarrosa, Portugal;4. Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;5. AIBILI–Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research on Light and Image, Azinhaga Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;6. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
1. The neuropeptide Y (NPY) family of peptides includes also the gut endocrine peptide YY (PYY), tetrapod pancreatic polypeptide (PP), and fish pancreatic peptide-tyrosine (PY). All peptides are 36 amino acids long.2. Sequences from many types of vertebrates show that NPY has remained extremely well conserved throughout vertebrate evolution with 92% identity between mammals and cartilaginous fishes.3. PYY has 97–100% identity between cartilaginous fishes and bony fishes, but is less conserved in amphibians and mammals (83% identity between amphibians and sharks and 75% identity between mammals and sharks).4. NPY and PYY share 70–80% identity in most species.5. Both NPY and PYY were present in the early vertebrate ancestor because both peptides have been found in lampreys.6. The tissue distribution appears to have been largely conserved between phyla, except that PYY has more widespread neuronal expression in lower vertebrates.7. Pancreatic polypeptide has diverged considerably among tetrapods leaving only 50% identity between mammals, birdsJreptiles and frogs.8. Several lines of evidence suggest that the PP gene arose by duplication of the PYY gene, probably in the early evolution of the tetrapods.9. The pancreatic peptide PY found in anglerfish and daddy sculpin may have resulted from an independent duplication of the PYY gene.10. The relationships of the recently described mollusc and worm peptides NPF and PYF with the NPY family still appear unclear. |
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