城市滨水空间生态系统服务供需匹配的空间智慧

当前生态系统服务空间性研究大多在区域或城市尺度上开展，风景园林生态实践的指导性较为有限，研究聚焦场地尺度，旨在从生态系统服务供需视角看待城市滨水空间的发展与规划设计实践。在已有生态系统服务供需方面文献爬梳的基础上，提出影响需求的三大因素及其需求类型的划分方法，甄别影响城市滨水空间生态系统服务供给能力的核心指标，选取上海苏州河市区段进行实证研究，采取田野调查法、文献研究法，并基于GIS进行需求目标与供给能力的空间制图。通过拟合分析比对创新性地提出指导城市滨水空间生态实践的三大空间智慧：1）基于需求目标研判制定发展策略的空间智慧；2）分段分类型供给满足存量更新需求的空间智慧；3）生态系统服务供需平衡转向匹配的空间智慧，为城市滨水空间的生态实践提出理论依据、评价标准及技术支撑。

Spatial Wisdom of Matching Ecosystem Services Supply and Demand in Urban Waterfront Areas

Since most studies on ecosystem service mapping focus on regional or urban scale, which have limited influence on ecological practice of landscape architecture, this paper focuses on the site dimension to discuss the planning and design of urban waterfront areas from the perspective of the supply-demand of ecosystem services. Based on the review of existing knowledge on ecosystem service supply and demand, this paper proposes three factors and classification of demands, and identifies key indicators that influence the supply of ecosystem services in urban waterfront areas. It uses the urban sections of the Suzhou Creek in Shanghai and adopts the methods of field research, literature review and GIS-based spatial mapping of demand targets and supply capabilities. Through a comparison of demand and supply, it creatively proposes three spatial wisdoms of ecological practice at urban waterfront areas, which are first, the spatial wisdom of making development strategies based on demand objectives; second, the spatial wisdom of meeting the needs of urban renewal based on different sections and types; third, the spatial wisdom of transferring from supply-demand balance to matching. It provides theoretical basis, evaluation methods and technical support for the ecological practice in urban waterfront areas in the future.