The synganglion of the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa (Arachnida: Salticidae): Insights from histology,immunohistochemistry and microCT analysis |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Zoological Institute and Museum, General and Systematic Zoology, University of Greifswald, Anklamer Straße 20, 17489 Greifswald, Germany;2. Zoological Institute and Museum, Cytology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Greifswald, Soldmannstraße 23, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;3. Zoological Institute, Biozentrum Grindel, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;1. Department of Animal Physiology and Ecotoxicology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland;2. Department of Animal Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Bankowa 9, Katowice 40-007, Poland;3. Heart Prosthesis Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Wolnosci 345a, Zabrze 41-800, Poland;1. Instituto Butantan, Lab. of Pharmacology, São Paulo, Brazil;2. Instituto Butantan, Lab. of Immunochemistry, São Paulo, Brazil;1. AG Integrative Sensory Physiology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Justus Liebig University Gießen, Gießen, Germany;2. Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior (CMBB), University of Marburg and Justus Liebig University Gießen, Germany;3. National Institute of Biology, Department of Organisms and Ecosystems Research, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. The National Natural History Collections, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;2. Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;3. Department of Biology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA;4. Department of Integrative Biology, University of Madison-Wisconsin, 441 Birge Hall, 430 Lincoln Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Jumping spiders are known for their extraordinary cognitive abilities. The underlying nervous system structures, however, are largely unknown. Here, we explore and describe the anatomy of the brain in the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa (Clerck, 1757) by means of paraffin histology, X-ray microCT analysis and immunohistochemistry as well as three-dimensional reconstruction. In the prosoma, the CNS is a clearly demarcated mass that surrounds the esophagus. The anteriormost neuromere, the protocerebrum, comprises nine bilaterally paired neuropils, including the mushroom bodies and one unpaired midline neuropil, the arcuate body. Further ventrally, the synganglion comprises the cheliceral (deutocerebrum) and pedipalpal neuropils (tritocerebrum). Synapsin-immunoreactivity in all neuropils is generally strong, while allatostatin-immunoreactivity is mostly present in association with the arcuate body and the stomodeal bridge. The most prominent neuropils in the spider brain, the mushroom bodies and the arcuate body, were suggested to be higher integrating centers of the arthropod brain. The mushroom body in M. muscosa is connected to first and second order visual neuropils of the lateral eyes, and the arcuate body to the second order neuropils of the anterior median eyes (primary eyes) through a visual tract. The connection of both, visual neuropils and eyes and arcuate body, as well as their large size corroborates the hypothesis that these neuropils play an important role in cognition and locomotion control of jumping spiders. In addition, we show that the architecture of the brain of M. muscosa and some previously investigated salticids differs significantly from that of the wandering spider Cupiennius salei, especially with regard to structure and arrangement of visual neuropils and mushroom body. Thus, we need to explore the anatomical conformities and specificities of the brains of different spider taxa in order to understand evolutionary transformations of the arthropod brain. |
| |
| Keywords: | Neuroanatomy Araneae Visual neuropils Brain Central nervous system Arcuate body Dorsal lobe of the arcuate body Ventral lobe of the arcuate body Anterior lateral eyes First order visual neuropils of ALE Anterior median eyes First order visual neuropils of AME Second order visual neuropils of AME Cheliceral neuropil Cheliceral nerve Esophagus Globuli cells lateral esophageal dilator muscle Second order visual neuropils of anterior and posterior lateral eyes Mushroom bodies Mushroom body bridge Neurites between pedunculus and microglomeruli microglomeruli Mushroom body haft Pedunculus of the mushroom body Pedipalpal neuropil Pharynx Dilator muscle of pharynx Posterior lateral eyes First order visual neuropils of the PLE Posterior median eyes First order visual neuropils of the PME Second order visual neuropils of the PME Soma cortex Sucking stomach Stomodeal bridge ventral nerve cord Walking leg neuromere 1–4 |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
