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Fungi associated with the southern pine beetle: avoidance of induced defense response in loblolly pine
Authors:T. D. Paine  F. M. Stephen
Affiliation:(1) Department of Entomology, University of California, 92521 Riverside, CA, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, 72701 Fayetteville, AR, USA
Abstract:Summary Loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) are rapidly killed by colonizing southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis). The female beetles carry two species of fungi (Ceratocystis minor var. barrasii and an unnamed basidiomycete) within a mycangium. The insects are also frequently associated with a blue-staining form of C. minor. These fungi are inoculated into the tree during colonization. The tree has an induced defensive response that involves resin soaking and necrosis of affected tissue isolating the invading organlsms. The blue-staining fungus stimulates formation of this response in the tree, but the two mycangial fungi do not. These results suggest that the beetles are closely associated with two highly pathogenic fungi that do not stimulate one of the critical components of tree defense.
Keywords:Dendroctonus frontalis  Ceratocystis minor  Pinus taeda  Induced defenses  Hypersensitive response
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