苦荞种质主要农艺性状的变异及其对单株粒重的贡献研究

对180份苦荞种质资源的8个主要农艺性状进行了评价,并对单株粒重与其他7个农艺性状之间进行了相关性分析和通径分析。结果显示,主要农艺性状的变异系数为8.10%~39.40%;简单相关分析表明,单株粒重与单株粒数、主茎分支数呈极显著正相关;偏相关分析表明,单株粒重与单株粒数、千粒重呈极显著正相关;多元回归和通径分析均表明,单株粒数、千粒重是影响单株粒重的主要因素,其中单株粒数影响最大。系统聚类分析表明,180份苦荞种质资源可划分为5类,其中第Ⅲ类(包括47份供试材料)的综合农艺性状较好,主要表现为主茎分枝能力强、单株粒数多、单株粒重和单株米粒重高,可作为优异基因资源进一步开发利用,也为以增加单株米粒重与出米率为选育目标的苦荞薄壳育种提供依据。

Variation in Major Agronomic Traits and its Contribution to Grain Weight per Plant in Tartary Buckwheat Germplasm

To breed high-yield buckwheat varieties with thin shells, the agronomic traits of 180 tartary buckwheat accessions were evaluated using statistical methods such as simple and partial correlation analysis and path analysis. Results showed that the variation coefficients of eight main agronomic traits ranged from 8.10% to 39.40%. Simple correlation analysis indicated that grain weight per plant (GW) was positively correlated with grain number per plant (GN) and number of primary branches (PBN). Partial correlation analysis showed that GW was positively correlated with GN and 1000-grain weight (TGW). Multiple stepwise regression and path analysis indicated that GN and TGW were the main factors affecting GW. Cluster analysis showed that the 180 tartary buckwheat accessions were classified into five groups, with 47 germplasm resources, primarily found in group Ⅲ, exhibiting excellent agronomic traits, including good stem branching capacity and high GN, GW and RGY. Therefore, 47 germplasm resources in group Ⅲ are suitable as tartary buckwheat breeding material and provide a basis for shell breeding with increased rice grain weight per plant (RGY) and milled rice rate (MR).