Contrasting Effects of Farmyard Manure (FYM) and Compost for Remediation of Metal Contaminated Soil |
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| Authors: | Muhammad Sabir Amanat Ali Muhammad Zia-Ur-rehman Khalid Rehman Hakeem |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;2. School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia;3. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | We investigated effect of farm yard manure (FYM) and compost applied to metal contaminated soil at rate of 1% (FYM-1, compost-1), 2% (FYM-2, compost-2), and 3% (FYM-3, compost-3). FYM significantly (P < 0.001) increased dry weights of shoots and roots while compost increased root dry weight compared to control. Amendments significantly increased nickel (Ni) in shoots and roots of maize except compost applied at 1%. FYM-3 and -1 caused maximum Ni in shoots (11.42 mg kg?1) and roots (80.92 mg kg?1), respectively while compost-2 caused maximum Ni (14.08 mg kg?1) and (163.87 mg kg?1) in shoots and roots, respectively. Plants grown in pots amended with FYM-2 and compost-1 contained minimum Cu (30.12 and 30.11 mg kg?1) in shoots, respectively. FYM-2 and compost-2 caused minimum zinc (Zn) (59.08 and 66.0 mg kg?1) in maize shoots, respectively. FYM-2 caused minimum Mn in maize shoots while compost increased Mn in shoots and roots compared to control. FYM and compost increased the ammonium bicarbonate diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (AB-DTPA) extractable Ni and Mn in the soil and decreased Cu and Zn. Lower remediation factors for all metals with compost indicated that compost was effective to stabilize the metals in soil compared to FYM. |
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| Keywords: | Metal contamination remediation factor organic amendments |
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