干旱绿洲区枸杞林地面节肢动物功能群结构季节分布特征

为了解枸杞林地面节肢动物功能群结构季节分布特征,以宁夏绿洲枸杞林为研究对象,于2018年的春、夏、秋季节,采用陷阱诱捕法,调查了地面节肢动物功能群季节分布特征及其与环境因子之间的关系。结果显示:(1)枸杞林地面节肢动物功能群包括植食性、捕食性、腐食性和杂食性动物,个体数分别占6.31%、86.75%、2.01%和4.89%,其中以捕食性动物为主。(2)植食性地面节肢动物个体数和生物量表现为春季显著高于秋季,夏季居中;类群数表现为夏季显著高于秋季,春季居中。捕食性地面节肢动物生物量表现为夏季和秋季显著高于春季;个体数和类群数在不同季节间均无显著差异。腐食性地面节肢动物个体数、生物量和类群数在不同季节间均无显著差异。杂食性地面节肢动物个体数和类群数表现为春季显著高于夏季,秋季居中;生物量在不同季节间均无显著差异。(3)相关分析表明,捕食性地面节肢动物个体数与土壤含水量呈正相关关系,腐食性地面节肢动物个体数与土壤全磷呈正相关关系,杂食性地面节肢动物与土壤全氮呈正相关关系。但植食性地面节肢动物个体数则与土壤含水量呈负相关关系,杂食性地面节肢动物个体数与土壤温度和土壤全碳呈负相关关系。(4)pRDA分析表明,土壤含水量是影响地面节肢动物功能群结构季节分布的主要环境因子。结论:随着季节更替,宁夏干旱绿洲区枸杞林地面节肢动物的功能群组成差异较大,功能多样性差异较小。说明每个功能群的个体数和类群数对季节变化敏感,但功能多样性较稳定。

Seasonal distribution of functional groups of ground-active arthropods in Lycium. barbarum plantations in arid oasis region

We examined the seasonal distribution of the functional groups of ground-active arthropods by pitfall traps in Lycium. barbarum plantations in oasis of Ningxia in spring, summer and autumn of 2018. The relationship between the abundance and richness of functional groups and environmental factors was also examined. The results showed that: (1) the functional groups of ground-active arthropods in L. barbarum plantations included phytophagous, predatory, saprophagous, and omnivorous animals, accounting for 6.31%, 86.75%, 2.01% and 4.86%, respectively. It suggested that the predatory animals dominated the ground-active arthropod communities. (2) The abundance and biomass of phytophagous arthropods were significantly higher in spring than in autumn, with the intermediate values observed in summer; the richness of phytophagous arthropods was significantly higher in summer than in autumn, with the intermediate values observed in spring. The biomass of predatory arthropods was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in spring; whereas there was no significantly different in the abundance and richness of predatory arthropods between the three seasons. Likewise, there was no significant difference in the abundance, biomass and richness of saprophagous arthropods between different seasons. Nevertheless, the abundance and richness of omnivorous arthropods was significantly higher in spring than in summer, with the intermediate values observed in autumn; whereas there was no significant difference in the biomass of omnivorous arthropods between different seasons. (3) There was positive correlation between the abundance of predatory arthropods and soil moisture; there was positive correlation between the abundance of saprophagous arthropods and soil total phosphorus, and there was positive correlation between the abundance of omnivorous arthropods and soil total nitrogen. However, there was negative correlation between the abundance of phytophagous arthropods and soil moisture, and there was negative correlation between the abundance of omnivorous arthropods and soil temperature and soil total carbon. (4) The partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) results showed that soil moisture was the key factor driving the distribution of functional groups of ground-active arthropods between seasons. In conclusion, there was unique different distribution of functional groups of ground-active arthropods in L. barbarum plantations along with the seasonal timing in arid oasis of Ningxia, while the difference of functional diversity was little. It was suggested that there was a sensitivity of abundance and richness distribution of each functional group to seasonal changes, whereas there was a relatively stable distribution of functional diversity between seasons.