土壤生物与土壤污染研究前沿与展望

随着社会经济发展,人类生产活动对自然环境产生越来越广泛深刻的影响,土壤污染已成为危及生态系统稳定、农产品质量安全和人体健康的突出环境问题之一。重金属、有机污染化合物、病原菌及抗性基因等各类污染物大量进入土壤后,对土壤生物系统造成毒害作用,影响到土壤生态功能;另一方面,土壤生物如细菌、真菌、土壤动物等在一定程度上能够适应土壤污染,深刻影响着污染物在土壤中的迁移转化过程,在土壤污染修复中具有潜在重要作用。从土壤污染的生态毒理效应、土壤生物对土壤污染的响应与适应机制、污染土壤修复原理与技术等三方面综述了土壤生物与土壤污染相关研究前沿,展望了重点研究方向。

Soil pollution and soil organisms: an overview of research progress and perspectives

With social and economic development, anthropogenic activities have been exerting profound effects on the natural environment. Soil pollution has become one of the most pressing environmental problems threatening ecosystem stability, agricultural product safety, and human health. Soil ecosystem is a complex system consisting of plant roots, soil animals, and soil microorganisms, which play important roles in energy transfer and material cycling. Numerous pollutants such as heavy metals, organic compounds, and pathogens and antibiotic resistant genes, etc., can greatly influence soil ecosystem functions through their detrimental effects on soil organisms. On the other hand, soil organisms can evolve various strategies to adapt to the contaminated environment, mediate translocation and transformation of soil contaminants, and may have the potential for soil remediation. In this review, we summarize recent progresses in research on the interactions of soil organisms and soil pollutants, focusing on (1) eco-toxicological effects of soil pollution; (2) the mechanisms underlying the responses and adaptation of soil organisms to soil pollution; and (3) the principles and technologies for the bioremediation of contaminated soils. We also propose perspectives for future research, including changes in soil microbial community structure upon soil pollution, biotransformation and detoxification of pollutants by soil organisms, biological monitoring of soil pollution, and distribution and transmission of pathogens and antibiotic resistant genes in soil.