Spatial Distribution of Nymphs Populations Bactericera cockerelli Sulc in Tomato Crops (<i>Physalis ixocarpa</i> Brot) |
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Authors: | Roberto Rivera-Martínez Agustín David Acosta-Guadarrama José Francisco Ramírez-Dávila Fidel Lara Vazquez Dulce Karen Figueroa Figueroa |
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Institution: | 1 Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Cerrillo Piedras Blancas n/n km 15, Toluca, 50200, Mexico.2 Laboratory of Entomology Research and Technology in Precision Farming, UAEM, Cerrillo Piedras Blancas n/n km 15, Toluca, 50200, México. |
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Abstract: | Tomato crops (Physalis ixocarpa Brot.) are produced in almost all
Mexico, part of the United States and Central America. Recently the tomato
production has suffered economic losses of 70% to 80% due the presence of
yellowing and floral abortion, whose causal agent has been attributed to the
presence of phytoplasma; an insect vector of these phytoplasma is Bactericera
cockerrelli Sulc. Alternative control of this psyllid has lacked effectiveness
because their spatial distribution is unknown within tomato plots. This study
aimed to determine the spatial distribution of populations of nymphs of B.
cockerelli in four tomato plots, the determination of the spatial distribution was
performed by means of geostatistics. The experimental semivariogram was
determined to adjust to a theoretical model (spherical, exponential or Gaussian)
through the program Variowin 2.2, the adjustment was validated with the method
of cross-validation and aggregation maps of the pest were obtained through
Kriging with Surfer 9.0 program. The short-term time-space stability of the pest
was determined through the tests Crámer-von Mises. The results showed that
populations of nymphs of B. cockerelli have a distribution of aggregate type,
which was corroborated by density maps. Infestations are not present in 100% of
the surface of the experimental plots, which helps to direct control measures on
specific areas of infestation. |
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Keywords: | Geostatistics Bactericera cockerelli Sulc Kriging |
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