In vitro antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acute oral toxicity of marine algae Gracilaria changii |
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| Authors: | Sreenivasan Sasidharan Ibrahim Darah Mohd Kassim Mohd Jain Noordin |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Penang, Malaysia;2. Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Penang, Malaysia;3. School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM 11800, Penang, Malaysia;1. Laboratorio di Microbiologia Clinica, Virologia e Diagnostica delle Bioemergenze, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy;2. Laboratorio di Analisi Chimico-Cliniche e Microbiologiche-IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy;3. Divisione I di Malattie Infettive, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy;4. Unità Operativa di Cardiochirurgia, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco-Polo Universitario, Milan, Italy;1. Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;2. Innolux Corporation, Tainan 74147, Taiwan;1. College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China;2. Institute of Environment Resource and Soil Fertilizer, Zhejiang Academy of Agriculture Science, Hangzhou 310021, PR China;1. College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 7371, Riyadh 12786, Saudi Arabia;2. Botany and Microbiology Dept., College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Chemical, Biochemical, Chosun University, Gwnagju, Republic of Korea;2. Research and Development Division, Hyundai Motor Group, Uiwang, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Methanol extract of the Gracilaria changii has been screened for antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrobial activities were carried out using disc diffusion assay and broth dilution method against P. aeruginosa. The methanol extract of G. changii showed a good antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa with MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) value of 6.25 mg/ml. Exposure of P. aeruginosa cells to 6.25 mg/ml of methanol extract of G. changii resulted in complete inhibition of the bacterial cells. The main abnormalities noted via SEM and TEM studies were the alterations in morphology and cytology of the bacterial cells. The main reason for this deterioration was discussed. The effect of the methanol extract on the growth profile for the bacteria was also done and confirmed the bactericidal effect of the G. changii methanol extract on P. aeruginosa by changing the normal growth profile of P. aeruginosa. In an acute toxicity study using mice, the median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was greater than 2000 mg/kg, and we found no pathological changes in macroscopic examination by necropsy of mice treated with extract. We conclude that G. changii might be safely used as an antimicrobial agent. |
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