Childhood cancer survival: A report from the United Kingdom Childhood Cancer Study |
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| Authors: | W. Thomas Johnston Tracy J. Lightfoot Jill Simpson Eve Roman |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Cancer Policy, King''s Health Partners Integrated Cancer Centre, London, UK;2. Department of Paediatric Haematology, Oncology, and Transplantology, Medical University, Lublin, Poland;3. Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, B J Wadia Hospital for Children, Mumbai, India;4. Children''s Cancer Research Institute, St Anna Children''s Hospital, Vienna, Austria;5. European Cancer Organisation, Brussels, Belgium;6. Department of Pathology and Department of Medicine at McMaster University, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada;7. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;8. International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research, Brussels, Belgium;9. Department of Oncology, St Jude Children''s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA;10. Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa;11. Center of Biostatistics for Clinical Epidemiology, University of Milan-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;12. Department of Paediatrics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy;13. Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB, Canada;14. National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA;15. Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The Children''s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA;p. Institut Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif, France;q. Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK;1. Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK;2. Department of Oncology/Haematology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children''s Hospital, Rotterdam, Netherlands;3. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA;4. Department of Paediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Clinical Sciences Lund University, Lund, Sweden;5. Monash Children''s Cancer Centre and Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia;6. Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children''s Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany;7. International Society of Paediatric Oncology, Geneva, Switzerland;8. International Confederation of Childhood Cancer Parents'' Organisations, Nieuwegein, Netherlands;9. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;1. Discipline of Paediatrics, School of Women’s and Children’s Health, UNSW Australia, Kensington, NSW, Australia;2. Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children’s Hospital, NSW, Randwick, Australia;3. Department of Hematology/Oncology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK;1. International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research, Brussels, Belgium;2. Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA;3. International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France;4. Santa Marcelina Hospital and International Network for Cancer Treatment and Research Brasil, São Paulo, Brazil;5. St Jude Children''s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA;6. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Mohammed VI, Marrakesh, Morocco;7. Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;8. Oncology Institute and Cerrahpa?a Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey;9. Starship Children''s Health, Auckland, New Zealand |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Background: Improvements in diagnostic approaches and refinements to treatment protocols have resulted in 5-year survival levels above 70% for children diagnosed with cancer in economically developed parts of the world. For some cancers, including leukaemia and tumours of the central nervous system, age and sex have been identified as important prognostic indicators. Methods: We examined long-term survival, and affects of age and sex, in a population-based case–control study. Children (0–14 years) newly diagnosed with cancer were ascertained between 1991 and 1996 (n = 4433). Follow-up information was obtained from the National Health Service (NHS) Information Centre for Health and Social Care which records all exits from the NHS including deaths. Results: For all cancer diagnoses combined, 5-year survival was 72.7% dropping to 67.9% at 15 years. As expected, survival differed between diagnostic subtypes ranging from 38.1% for intracranial embryonal tumours to 96.2% for Hodgkin lymphoma. Compared to girls, boys diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia were at a higher risk of dying (RR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.03–1.53), whereas boys diagnosed with an intracranial embryonal tumour were at a lower risk of death (RR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.43–0.91). Conclusion: Our initial findings are consistent with previous reports, and highlight the importance of considering differences by age and sex. The completeness and population-based nature of the original case–control study is an important feature which will provide the basis for future more detailed investigations linking disease determinants to outcome. |
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