中国红豆属植物生物与生态学特征研究现状

红豆属(Ormosia)隶属豆科(Fabaceae),全属约130种,均为木本植物,我国有37种,广东、广西、云南、海南为主要分布区。该属野外自然更新能力较差,对生存环境要求严格。由于该属大部分物种具有极高的经济价值和开发利用价值,因此人为干扰及盗伐现象严重,分布范围收缩且野外种群数量减少。本文在查阅文献的基础上,对红豆属植物的生态学特征、组织培养、生理生化、遗传、濒危现状与保护对策等方面的研究成果进行归纳总结并进行了展望,以期为深入研究红豆属植物、拯救红豆属物种提供参考。

Biology and ecology research status of Ormosia species in China

The Ormosia genus belongs to Fabaceae and includes 130 woody plant species worldwide. Currently, 37 species are found in China, with Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Hainan the main distribution areas. This genus has poor natural regeneration ability in the field and strict habitat requirements, distributed within a narrow range. Ormosia exhibits low seed production and late reproductive age. Most Ormosia species have extremely high economic, development and utilization value. For example, its wood is a top-grade material for furniture, ornaments, and sculptures. Thus, human disturbance and illegal logging are serious issues, resulting in shrinking distribution range and decreasing wild populations due to ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation. We surveyed papers published by scholars in mainland China from 1978-2016. We searched titles, abstracts, and key words of the 37 species in China in three Chinese journal databases and Google scholar. In total, we found 153 papers on Ormosia species biology research, among which 134 papers were published in Chinese journals, with the remaining 18 published in international journals. Based on the literature review, this article summarized the research results on the ecological characteristics, tissue culture, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, endangered status, and protection strategies of the genus to further future study of Ormosia and save of these species.