An experimental study on physical controls of an exotic plant Spartina alterniflora in Shanghai,China |
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| Authors: | Hepeng Li Liquan Zhang |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;2. School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, 1 Daxue Road, Xuzhou 221116, China;3. Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, China;4. JiangSu Provincial Key Laboratory of Saline Soils, Yancheng Teacher''s University, Yancheng 224002, China;1. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;2. College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;4. IMSG at NOAA/NCEP/EMC, 5830 University Research Court, College Park, MD 20740, USA;1. Key Laboratory of East China Sea and Marine Fishery Resources Exploitation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;4. Jiangsu Marine Fishery Service, Nantong 226006, China;1. The Institute of Wetland Ecology, The State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China;2. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, PR China |
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| Abstract: | Since Spartina alterniflora was introduced into the Chongming Dongtan Nature Reserve in 1995, there has been rapid expansion of this species, seriously threatening the overall biodiversity. During 2005 and 2006, a field experiment to examine physical controls on S. alterniflora, including digging and tillage, breaking of rhizomes, mowing and biological substitution with Phragmites australis, was conducted to find a means of controlling this invasive plant. The growth parameters of plant density, coverage and above-ground biomass were used to evaluate the efficiency of different treatments. The results showed that for all treatments, the plant density, coverage and above-ground biomass were significantly lower than those of the control in the first growing season. However, in the second season, the differences between the treatment and the control were not significant and there were no significant differences by the end of the second growing season. The breaking of rhizomes treatment inhibited the growth of S. alterniflora significantly in the first growing season and inhibition increased with the depth of the treatment. However, the inhibition of growth disappeared after two growing seasons and there were no significant differences among the treatments and the control. The mowing treatment significantly inhibited the growth of S. alterniflora in the first growing season. By the end of the second growing season, the growth of S. alterniflora had recovered to some extent, and only the treatments of JUN, JUL, AUG and SEP significantly inhibited its growth. The treatment of AUG might be the most suitable time for controlling via mowing. In the biological substitution treatment, the transplanted P. australis survived quite well over both growing seasons and both the plant height and fruiting percent increased considerably in the second growing season. A realistic strategy for controlling and managing the invasion of S. alterniflora in the nature reserve should involve integrating all four control measures on the basis of their intensity, frequency, timing and area. Further work on longer-term field experiments is required in order to test these conclusions further and provide useful information for the wetland management of the nature reserve. |
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