Aluminum accumulation and its relationship with mineral plant nutrients in 12 pteridophytes from Venezuela |
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| Authors: | Elizabeth Olivares Eder Peña Eunice Marcano Julián Mostacero Guillermina Aguiar Malfy Benítez Elizabeth Rengifo |
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| Institution: | 1. Centro de Ecología, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Carretera Panamericana Km. 11, Sector Altos de Pipe, Estado Miranda, ZP 1204, Venezuela;2. Centro de Química, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (IVIC), Carretera Panamericana Km. 11, Sector Altos de Pipe, Estado Miranda, ZP 1204, Venezuela;3. Fundación Instituto Botánico de Venezuela, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 2156, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela;1. College of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China;3. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;4. Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine & Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China;1. Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 3190 Maile Way, Honolulu, HI 96822, United States;2. Hilo High School, Hilo, HI 96811, United States;3. Hazard and Emergency Environmental Response Office, Hawaii Department of Health, Hilo, HI, United States;1. D. D. Plant Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211 002, India;2. Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India;3. Centre for Medical Diagnostic and Research, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India;4. Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad 211004, India;5. Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina B2, Ilkovi?ova 6, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;6. Institute of Botany, Plant Science and Biodiversity Centre of Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;1. Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31310, Lower Hutt, 5040, New Zealand;2. National Scientific Center of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17, Palchevskogo St., Vladivostok, 690041, Russian Federation;3. Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far East Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 142, Makovskii St., Vladivostok, 690024, Russian Federation;1. Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, INSERM U1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France;2. Paris Descartes University, Imagine Institute, Paris, France;3. Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK;4. Institut Pasteur, Unité d''Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de Virologie, Paris, France;5. CNRS, UMR3569, Paris, France;6. Université Paris Diderot, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France;7. Université F Rabelais, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France;8. INRA UMR 1282, Infectiologie et Santé Publique, Tours, France;9. St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA |
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| Abstract: | The purpose of this study was to investigate the aluminum (Al) concentration in Lycopodium clavatum, Dicranopteris flexuosa, Sticherus nudus, Anemia villosa, Cyathea gibbosa, Pteridium arachnoideum, Pteris vittata, Thelypteris dentata, Blechnum occidentale, Elaphoglossum sporadolepis, Nephrolepis cordifolia and Polypodium pseudoaureum, species from 11 families with different phylogenetic position, found on soils with a high concentration of Al (up to 13 g kg?1 dry mass (DM)). When Al concentration and mineral nutrients in aerial organs were considered, pteridophytes were classified into three groups: group one included pteridophytes with Al concentrations over 1000 mg kg?1 DM in their aerial organs, a ratio between Al and essential plant nutrients such as Ca, Mg and P higher than one and a K/Al ratio between 0.68 and 2.56 mol mol?1. In group 1 was the well known Al-accumulator L. clavatum (Lycophyte) as well as the Neotropical ferns D. flexuosa, S. nudus (both basal leptosporangiate ferns), and C. gibbosa (core leptosporangiate tree fern). Group 2, ferns which accumulate Al over 1000 mg kg?1 DM in their fronds, and had an Al/Ca and Al/Mg ratio <1. Species in this group included E. sporadolepis and N. cordifolia (derived polypod ferns). Group 3, ferns classified as Al-excluders, showing Al concentration <782 mg kg?1 DM in the fronds, had Al/Ca and Al/Mg ratios <1, Al/P ratio ≤1 and a K/Al ratio between 18.10 and 80.36 mol mol?1. In group 3, were A. villosa (basal leptosporangiate fern) and the derived polypod ferns P. arachnoideum, P. vittata, T. dentata, B. occidentale and P. pseudoaureum. The translocation factor of Al from subterranean to aerial organs was up to 4 in S. nudus, and subterranean organs from E. sporadolepis showed the highest concentration of Al (12 g kg?1 DM). We coincide with early literature in that other criteria in addition to the Al concentration should be considered to define the Al accumulation, such as its relationship with macronutrients. For example, we propose the inclusion of K/Al ratio. We conclude that out of six Al-excluders five belonged to the derived polypods while two species from Polypodiales showed high Al concentrations. We reconfirm accumulation of Al in L. clavatum and C. gibbosa and discover two new Al-accumulating species in the more ancient ferns: S. nudus and D. flexuosa. |
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