Hydraulic conductance and vulnerability to cavitation in corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids of differing drought resistance |
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| Authors: | Yangyang Li John S Sperry Mingan Shao |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming in the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China;2. Department of Biology, University of Utah, 257S 1400E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;1. Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, PO Box 6850, Fullerton, CA 92834-6850, USA;2. Laboratory of Plant Ecology, Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;3. Institute for Systematic Botany and Ecology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;1. Irrigation and Crop Ecophysiology Group, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS, CSIC), Avenida Reina Mercedes, no. 10, Sevilla 41012, Spain;2. Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain;1. Earth and Life Institute, Environmental sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;2. Division of Soil Physics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany;3. Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, IBG-3 Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, D-52425 Jülich, Germany;4. Division of Soil Hydrology, University of Goettingen, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany;5. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan;6. Earth and Life Institute, Agronomic sciences, Université catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;1. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia;2. Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy;2. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche e Ambientali, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy;1. Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127, Trieste, Italy;2. University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Crop Sciences, Division of Viticulture and Pomology, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, A-3430, Tulln, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Water transport through the xylem is essential for replacing water loss during transpiration, thus preventing desiccation and permitting photosynthesis. The occurrence of cavitation and embolism due to drought impairs transport to the transpiring leaves. Most research in this discipline has been conducted on woody plants. Less attention has been given to cavitation of crops and its physiological significance for understanding crop water relations. In this paper, hydraulic conductance and vulnerability of xylem to cavitation were studied in corn hybrids with different drought resistances. The results indicated that stems of drought-resistant ‘Pioneer 3902’ not only had a higher conductivity on both a stem area and leaf area basis but also had a greater resistance to cavitation. The estimated xylem pressure at 63.2% loss of conductivity (Weibull fitting parameter b) and at 50% loss of conductivity (P50) in ‘Pioneer 3902’ were about 0.2 MPa lower than in ‘Pride 5’. Higher conductivity in ‘Pioneer 3902’ was mainly attributed to more vascular bundles per stem area rather than greater vessel diameter. The central bundles and peripheral vascular bundles showed the same degree of cavitation although the vessels of central bundles were generally larger than in peripheral bundles. |
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