Multifaceted p21 in carcinogenesis,stemness of tumor and tumor therapy |
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Authors: | Bo-Duan Xiao Yu-Jia Zhao Xiao-Yuan Jia Jiong Wu Yi-Gang Wang Fang Huang |
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Institution: | Bo-Duan Xiao, Fang Huang, Department of Pathology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou 310014, Zhejiang Province, ChinaBo-Duan Xiao, Yu-Jia Zhao, Xiao-Yuan Jia, Jiong Wu, Yi-Gang Wang, Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, China |
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Abstract: | Cancer cells possess metabolic properties that are different from those of benign cells. p21, encoded by CDKN1A gene, also named p21Cip1/WAF1, was first identified as a cyclin-dependent kinase regulator that suppresses cell cycle G1/S phase and retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation. CDKN1A (p21) acts as the downstream target gene of TP53 (p53), and its expression is induced by wild-type p53 and it is not associated with mutant p53. p21 has been characterized as a vital regulator that involves multiple cell functions, including G1/S cell cycle progression, cell growth, DNA damage, and cell stemness. In 1994, p21 was found as a tumor suppressor in brain, lung and colon cancer by targeting p53 and was associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis. Notably, p21 plays a significant role in tumor development through p53-dependent and p53-independent pathways. In addition, expression of p21 is closely related to the resting state or terminal differentiation of cells. p21 is also associated with cancer stem cells and acts as a biomarker for such cells. In cancer therapy, given the importance of p21 in regulating the G1/S and G2 check points, it is not surprising that p21 is implicated in response to many cancer treatments and p21 promotes the effect of oncolytic virotherapy. |
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Keywords: | p21 CDKN1A Tumorigenesis Circular RNA Stemness of tumor Cancer stem cells Tumor therapy |
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