DNA水凝胶的制备及应用

脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)不仅可作为生物遗传的物质基础,又以其可编程性、功能多样性、生物相容性和生物可降解性等优点,在生物材料的构建方面表现出巨大的潜力。DNA水凝胶是一种主要由DNA参与形成的三维网状聚合物材料,同时因其保留的DNA生物性能与自身骨架的机械性能的完美融合使得它成为近年来最受关注的新兴功能高分子材料之一。目前,基于各种功能核酸序列或通过结合不同的功能材料制备的单组分或多组分DNA水凝胶,已广泛用于生物医学、分子检测及环境保护的研究或应用领域中。文中主要总结了近十几年来DNA水凝胶制备方法上的研究进展,探讨了DNA水凝胶的分类策略,并进一步综述了DNA水凝胶在药物运输、生物传感、细胞培养等方面的应用研究。最后对DNA水凝胶未来的发展方向以及可能面临的挑战进行了展望。

Preparation and application of DNA hydrogels: a review

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) not only serves as the material basis of biological inheritance, but also shows great potential in the development of novel biological materials due to its programmability, functional diversity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. DNA hydrogel is a three-dimensional mesh polymer material mainly formed by DNA. It has become one of the most interesting emerging functional polymer materials in recent years because of the perfect combination of the DNA biological properties that it retained and the mechanical properties of its own skeleton. At present, single- or multi-component DNA hydrogels developed based on various functional nucleic acid sequences or by combining different functional materials have been widely used in the field of biomedicine, molecular detection, and environmental protection. In this paper, the development of preparation methods and classification strategies of DNA hydrogels are summarized, and the applications of DNA hydrogels in drug delivery, biosensing and cell culture are also reviewed. Finally, the future development direction and potential challenges of DNA hydrogels are prospected.