The interaction of muscle moment arm,knee laxity,and torque in a multi-scale musculoskeletal model of the lower limb |
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| Institution: | 1. Univ Lyon – UJM-Saint-Etienne, Inter-university Laboratory of Human Movement Science, EA 7424, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France;2. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Saint Etienne, France;3. Sydney Orthopaedic Research Institute, Sydney, Australia;1. State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing System Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi''an Jiaotong University, 710054 Xi''an, Shaanxi, China;2. Department of Arthroplasty Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010030 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China;3. Department of Orthopedics, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, 010050 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China;4. Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK |
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| Abstract: | IntroductionMusculoskeletal modeling allows insight into the interaction of muscle force and knee joint kinematics that cannot be measured in the laboratory. However, musculoskeletal models of the lower extremity commonly use simplified representations of the knee that may limit analyses of the interaction between muscle forces and joint kinematics. The goal of this research was to demonstrate how muscle forces alter knee kinematics and consequently muscle moment arms and joint torque in a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb that includes a deformable representation of the knee.MethodsTwo musculoskeletal models of the lower limb including specimen-specific articular geometries and ligament deformability at the knee were built in a finite element framework and calibrated to match mean isometric torque data collected from 12 healthy subjects. Muscle moment arms were compared between simulations of passive knee flexion and maximum isometric knee extension and flexion. In addition, isometric torque results were compared with predictions using simplified knee models in which the deformability of the knee was removed and the kinematics at the joint were prescribed for all degrees of freedom.ResultsPeak isometric torque estimated with a deformable knee representation occurred between 45° and 60° in extension, and 45° in flexion. The maximum isometric flexion torques generated by the models with deformable ligaments were 14.6% and 17.9% larger than those generated by the models with prescribed kinematics; by contrast, the maximum isometric extension torques generated by the models were similar. The change in hamstrings moment arms during isometric flexion was greater than that of the quadriceps during isometric extension (a mean RMS difference of 9.8 mm compared to 2.9 mm, respectively).DiscussionThe large changes in the moment arms of the hamstrings, when activated in a model with deformable ligaments, resulted in changes to flexion torque. When simulating human motion, the inclusion of a deformable joint in a multi-scale musculoskeletal finite element model of the lower limb may preserve the realistic interaction of muscle force with knee kinematics and torque. |
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| Keywords: | Musculoskeletal modeling Finite element Ligament Torque |
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