Sex Differences in the Neural Processing of Aversive Interoceptive Events: The Benefit of Relief |
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| Authors: | Giulia Galli Akanksha Shukla Alan N. Simmons Paul W. Davenport Martin P. Paulus |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America.; 2. Veterans Affairs Health Care System, San Diego, California, United States of America.; 3. Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.; 4. Dipartimento di Scienze Neurologiche e Neurosensoriali, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy.; The University of Queensland, Australia, |
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| Abstract: | ![]()
Do men and women process and experience unpleasant bodily states differently? We used fMRI to determine brain processing before, during and after an aversive respiratory stimulation. No sex difference emerged during anticipation or stimulation. However, after the offset of the stimulation, men but not women showed enhanced activation of brain regions that are important for interoception and reward processing. Moreover, this activation was highest in those males who rated the preceding stimulation as most unpleasant. These results indicate that men are particularly sensitive to reward associated with the termination of an aversive event, which may signal relief. |
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