麝类行为谱的初步建构及行为型的描述性定义

2005年1月至2006年2月对甘肃兴隆山麝场、福建上杭麝场、四川都江堰麝场、陕西镇坪麝场及上海崇明岛麝场的圈养林麝、原麝和马麝的行为进行了观察和记录,制定了圈养麝类动物的焦点取样行为谱、扫描取样行为谱、刻板行为谱和冲突行为谱,并区分和定义了扫描行为谱的站立及运动、摄食、反刍和静卧等4类行为型,通过辨识行为的基本单元,定义了其所有事件记录行为谱所包含的静卧、站立凝视、运动、摄食、反刍、蹭尾、尿粪标记、环境探究、尾阴探究、自我指向、亲和、警觉、冲突、刻板、繁殖行为及杂类行为等16种行为类,并描述性地定义了各行为类下所含行为型,此外,定义了麝的刻板行为谱,含食异物、刻板舔刮、狂奔、往返走、立台、跳墙和搭蹄凝视等7种刻板行为型,以及圈养麝的冲突行为谱,含威胁、进攻、取代、追击和防御等5种行为亚类,并描述和定义了各行为亚类下的行为型。本研究的行为谱建构和行为型定义可为麝类行为生态研究提供参考依据。

Descriptive Studies on Ethogram and Behavior Patterns of Musk Deer

From January 2005 to February 2006, the behavior observing and sampling of captive musk deer were conducted in musk deer farms such as Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm of Gansu Province etc. The ethogram of all occurrence recording, the ethogram for scanning sampling, ethogram of stereotypic behavior and ethogram of conflict behavior were constructed, in which the behavior patterns were described and defined.