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Extra-optic photoreception and compass orientation in larval and adult salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum)
Authors:D H Taylor
Affiliation:1. Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia;2. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia;3. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Fruit Growing, Viticulture, Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia;4. University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Agronomy, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia;3. Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;1. USDA-National Wildlife Research Center-Predator Research Facility, Millville, UT 84326, USA;2. Department of Wildland Resources, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322-5295, USA;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;2. Heinz College, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;1. University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd. E., Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada;2. CSIRO, Agriculture and Food, Armidale, NSW, 2350, Australia;1. Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany;2. University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
Abstract:Orientation tests indicate that tiger salamanders (Ambystoma tigrinum) can utilize celestial cues for compass orientation. Eyeless salamanders retain the ability to use celestial cues for orientation while salamanders without eyes and with their brains covered with black plastic appear disoriented. An internal biological clock exists in this species. Tiger salamanders show a directional preference toward deep water as larvae but toward land after metamorphosis.
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