阔叶鳞盖蕨和粗毛鳞盖蕨(碗蕨科)配子体发育的研究

以腐殖土为基质，对阔叶鳞盖蕨Microlepia patyphylla（D．Don）J．Sm．和粗毛鳞盖蕨M.strigosa（Thunb．）Presl进行了孢子繁殖；利用光学显微镜观察和记录了它们的孢子萌发和配子体发育过程。结果表明，两者的孢子及配子体性状极为相似：孢子同型，三裂缝，萌发慢；孢子萌发需要光，萌发方式为书带蕨型Vittaria-type；配子体生长慢，发育类型为铁线蕨型Adiantum—type；原叶体心形或其他形状，无毛状体，多数为雌雄异株。性器类型为薄囊蕨型Leptosporangiate-type。它们既具有大量的原始性状，也具有少数进化性状。与阔叶鳞盖蕨相比，粗毛鳞盖蕨的配子体发育特征更为原始。说明粗己鳞盖蕨的系统位置更加低下。首次观察到阔叶鳞盖蕨中细胞自然死亡时的叶绿体聚集现象。粗毛鳞盖蕨原叶体老化时叶绿体呈现规则的、相互镶嵌的多边形的形状以及在正常光照下粗毛鳞盖蕨某些细胞中的部分叶绿体成链珠状排列等现象。

Gametophyte Development of Microlepia strigosa and M. platyphylla (Dennstaedtiaceae)

The spore propagations of Microlepia strigosa (Thunb.) Presl and M. platyphylla (D. Don) J. Sm. with leaf mould substrate were studied. The process of their spore germination and gametophyte development were observed and photoed by microscope. The results indicate that both of them have similar behaviors in spore germination and gametophyte development, i.e. having spore homospory, trilete, growing slow. The spore germination need light and is of the Vittaria-type. The gametophyte slowly and is of the Adiantum-type. The prothallia are cordate or other shapes with no trichome, most of the adult gametophytes are dioecious, sex organs are of the Leptosporangiate-type. They have not only lots of primordial behaviors but also some evolutionistic behaviors. The characters of gametophyte and the place of phylogenesis of M. platyphylla are more primordial than that of M. strigosa. It is the first time to be observed that the chloroplasts gather in cell of gametophyte of M. platyphylla when the cell dies down, the polygonal chloroplasts are lying as a tessellation in cell of prothallium of M. strigosa when the cell break down, and some chloroplasts are lying like a chain in some cells of gametophyte of M. strigosa.