Natural incorporation of mercury in bone |
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| Institution: | 1. Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Cuajimalpa, Mexico City, Mexico;2. Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico;3. Departamento de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Mexico City, Mexico;4. BGR Bundesansalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Stilleweg 2, D-30655, Hannover, Germany;1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;2. Neurophysiology Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;3. Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;4. Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;5. Nephrology and Kidney Transplant Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;6. Zanjan Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran;7. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran;1. Laboratory of Functional and Structural Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;2. Laboratory of Cell Culture and Cytogenetics, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil;3. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;4. Laboratory of Toxicology, Environment Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil;5. Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;1. Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China;2. Guangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Highly Prevalent Diseases, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China;3. Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China;4. Department of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541100, Guangxi, China;1. Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, Konya, 42079, Turkey;2. Selcuk University, Research Center of Faculty of Dentistry, Konya, Turkey;3. Bonn University, Medical Faculty, Department of Orthodontics, Oral Biology Lab, Bonn, Germany;4. Bolu Abant ?zzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical ?nformatics, Bolu, Turkey;5. Private Practice, Sancakdent Oral Health Center, Istanbul, Turkey;6. Selcuk University, Faculty of Agriculture, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Konya, Turkey;7. Selcuk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya, Turkey;8. Grand Forks, ND, USA;1. Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioquímica e Bioprospecção, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Grupo de Pesquisa em Neurobiotecnologia (GPN), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil;2. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark;3. Seleno Therapeutics Pty. Ltd., Brighton East, VIC, 3187, Australia;4. Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil;5. Laboratório Regional de Diagnóstico Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, CEP 96010-900, RS, Brazil;1. Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran;2. Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran;3. Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Research and Innovation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Mercury (Hg) is a highly toxic element that causes bone defects and malformations. Structure and surface analyses using quantitative x-ray diffraction using the Rietveld method, High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and nanodiffraction analyses, and Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy showed that bone enriched naturally with Hg (≤ 2.3 %) contained Hg3PO4 (Hg2)3(PO4)2] and HgO. Bone mostly as apatite, verified as carboxyapatite Ca10(PO4)4(CO3)3(OH)2(s)] and cinnabar (HgS) dissolved releasing Hg+ (existing as dimer Hg22+) and PO43?, both of which became immobilized as (Hg2)3(PO4)2. Besides, released Hg2+ became oxidized to form HgO. The outcome of this work is novel, provided that only a handful of stable compounds of Hg22+ are found in nature. |
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| Keywords: | Hg transformation in bone |
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