Metals and metalloids in a first order stream of the Atlantic rainforest: abiotic matrices,bioaccumulation in fishes and human health risk assessment |
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| Institution: | 1. Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Buenos Aires, Argentina;2. CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA), Av. Chorroarín 280, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (1427), Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Grupo de Biotaxonomía Morfológica y Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Dean Funes 3350, Mar del Plata, 7600, Argentina;4. Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental (3iA), Universidad Nacional de San Martín (UNSAM), Martín de Irigoyen 3100 (1650), San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina;5. Centro de Investigaciones Antonia Ramos (CIAR), Fundación Bosques Nativos Argentinos para la Biodiversidad, Argentina;1. Departmento de Dentística, Endodontia e Materiais Odontológicos, Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru, FOB/USP, Bauru, Brazil;2. Departmento de Cirurgia e Clínica Integrada, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, FOA/UNESP, Araçatuba, Brazil;3. Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, FOA/UNESP, Araçatuba, Brazil;4. Departmento de Endodontia, Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará – Campus de Sobral, UFC, Sobral, Brazil;5. School of Medicine and Dentistry Griffith University, Queensland, Australia;1. Department of Physiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Clinicilor St, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;2. Departments of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 12 Ion Creanga St., 400606, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;3. National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Donath St, No. 67-103, RO-400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;4. Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Pasteur St., 400349, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;5. Department of Morphopathology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 35 Clinicilor St, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;6. INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, Romania;7. Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Babes St, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;8. University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Calea Manastur St, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;1. Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (C.A.S.T.), \"G. d''Annunzio\" University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, I-66100, Italy;2. Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, Milano, I-20133, Italy;3. LASA, Department of Physics, Università Degli Studi di Milano and INFN-Milano, Via F.lli Cervi 201, Segrate, MI, I-20090, Italy;4. Institute of Clinical Immunotherapy and Advanced Biological Treatments, Piazza Pierangeli 1, Pescara, Rectorate of Leonardo da Vinci Telematic University, Largo San Rocco 11 Torrevecchia Teatina, CH, Italy;5. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, \"G. d''Annunzio\" University of Chieti-Pescara, via Luigi Polacchi 11, Chieti, I-66100, Italy;1. Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, Chemistry Department, CReAA, via Bologna 148, Turin, Italy;2. ASL BI Local Veterinary Service Veterinary Biella, BI, Italy;1. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA, IRIG, 38000, Grenoble, France;2. Univ. Grenoble Alpes, INSERM U1055, Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics (LBFA), and Environmental and System Biology (BEeSy), 38000, Grenoble, France |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimMetals and metalloids have been found in several streams and rivers from the Atlantic Rainforest (ARF), one of the world´s leading biodiversity hotspot, which may represent a risk for environmental and human health. The aims of this study were: 1) to evaluate the accumulation and distribution of 24 trace elements in water, sediments and fish tissues (muscle and gills) of sixteen species from the Atlantic Rainforest, 2) to explore bioaccumulation patterns in fish tissues and abiotic matrices, and 3) to assess the impact of metal and metalloids on the human health from water and fish consumption.MethodsWater, sediments and fish samples were collected from Ramos Stream (Misiones Province, Argentina). The concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, Ti, U, V and Zn were determined by Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) were used to evaluate bioaccumulation of metals and metalloids in relation to water and sediment. The Hazard Quotient (HQ), Hazard Index (HI) and Target Hazard Quotient (THQ, general and fisherman populations) were calculated to assess the non-carcinogenic human health risk from water and fish consumption.ResultsThe concentrations of several elements in water and sediment were higher than the international guidelines for aquatic biota protection. Levels of As, Pb and Zn in muscle and gills were above national and international guidelines for human consumption. The bioaccumulation factors ranged from 749 to 13,029 being higher in gills than in muscle. The HQ and HI ranged from 0.001 to 0.015. The THQ for each element and total THQ values were lower than 0.1.ConclusionBioaccumulation factor suggests that several species have a moderate capacity to incorporate some metals and metalloids from the abiotic matrices. According to the HI and THQ values found, there is no risk to human health from consumption of water and fish. |
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| Keywords: | Atlantic rainforest Bioaccumulation Biodiversity tropical hotspot Environmental pollution Hazard index |
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