Brassinosteroid biosynthesis |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy;2. CNR-IBPM, P.le A.Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy;3. Center on Membrane Protein Production and Analysis (COMPPÅ), New York, NY, 10027, USA;4. Center for Life Nano Science@Sapienza, IIT, V.le Regina Elena 291, Rome, I-00185, Italy;5. Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA;6. Istituto Pasteur–Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Dept. of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy;7. Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America at Columbia University, USA;1. Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;2. Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;3. Department of Biology, Tokyo Gakugei University, 4-1-1 Nukui kita-machi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8501, Japan;4. Laboratory of Biomembrane, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan;1. College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China;2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi, China;3. School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710012, Shaanxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Biosynthetic pathways of brassinolide from campesterol was demonstrated by studies using cultured Catharanthus roseus cells. Brassinolide is biosynthesized through two pathways, early C6-oxidation pathway and late C6-oxidation pathway, branching off at the conversion of campestanol. Recent characterization of brassinosteroid-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis, pea and tomato confirmed that the pathways operate in wide variety of plant species. Biochemical and molecular genetic studies of the mutants are providing important knowledge on genes and enzymes involved in brassinosteroid biosynthesis. The established biosynthetic pathways of brassinosteroids and the regulation of biosynthesis including up-to-date findings are introduced in this review. |
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