Cleome monophylla essential oil and its constituents as tick (Rhipicephalus appendiculatus) and maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) repellents |
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Authors: | Mary Ndungu Wilber Lwande Ahmed Hassanali Lambert Moreka and Sumesh Chander Chhabra |
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Institution: | (1) The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, P.O. Box 30772, Nairobi, Kenya;(2) Department of Chemistry, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya |
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Abstract: | The repellency of the essential oil of the shrubCleome monophylla (Family: Capparidaceae) and identified constituents of the oil were evaluated against the livestock tick,Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and the maize weevil,Sitophillus zeamais. In a tick climbing repellency bioassay, the oil ofC. monophylla exhibited repellency which, at the highest dose, was comparable to that of the commercial arthropod repellent N,N-diethyl
toluamide (DEET). In a Y-tube olfactometer bioassay,C. monophylla oil showed higher or comparable repellency againstS. zeamais relative to DEET at all the doses tested. 14 Compounds were identified in theC. monophylla oil by GC, GC-MS and coinjection with authentic samples. Terpenolene was found to occur in largest quantity (14%) followed
by 1-α-terpeneol (10%), pentacosane (9%), (α+β)-humulene (8%), phytol (5%) and 2-dodecanone (4%). The most repellent components
againstR. appendiculatus andS. zeamais were 1-α-terpeneol and 2-dodecanone. The overall pattern of repellency activity of theC. monophylla constituents with respect to the two arthropods was, however, different. The potential ofC. monophylla in tick and maize weevil control is discussed. |
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Keywords: | Cleome monophylla Capparidaceae Rhipicephalus appendiculatus Sitophilus zeamais repellents tick Anti-tick pasture 1-α -terpeneol 2-dodecanone brown-ear tick |
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