野生藏酋猴冬季食物组成及营养成分

觅食是获取营养物质和能量的重要途经。对于栖息在四季分明地区的灵长类动物而言，低温以及食物资源相对匮乏的冬季是其生存和生长发育的瓶颈期。本研究以安徽黄山的野生藏酋猴（Macaca thibetana）天湖山群为对象，于2019年11月至2020年1月采用瞬时扫描取样法（Instantaneous scan sampling）采集猴群觅食行为数据，并分析其冬季食物组成及食物中各化学成分含量对取食的影响。结果显示，野生藏酋猴在冬季共取食23科31属34种植物，主要包括壳斗科（Fagaceae，21.62%）、樟科（Lauraceae，17.57%）、蔷薇科（Rosaceae，8.11%）的植物，取食部位以叶片（66.22%）和果实（种子）（24.32%）为主。不同取食部位的水分、总糖、淀粉、脂肪、单宁等成分存在显著差异。其中，叶片的水分含量高于果实（种子）、茎和芽，茎和果实（种子）含有较高的总糖，果实（种子）的淀粉和脂肪含量最高，芽的单宁含量最高。此外，取食植物中的总糖含量高于非取食植物。结果表明，野生藏酋猴适应寒冷冬季与食物匮乏的觅食策略是对植物种类、植物部位及其主要营养成分的综合结果。

Food composition and nutrients of wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) in winter

Foraging is an important way to obtain nutrients and energy. Low temperature and relatively scarce food resources in winter are the bottleneck period for primates survival and growth. In order to explore food composition and the influence of chemical components on feeding of wild Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) at Mt. Huangshan in winter. We collected from November 2019 to January 2020 foraging data of monkeys using instantaneous scan sampling method and analyzed the chemical constituents of plant samples. The results showed that the wild Tibetan macaques fed on 34 plant species of 23 families during the winter. Fagaceae (21. 62%), Lauraceae (17. 57%) and Rosaceae (8. 11%) were the main consumed families, Feeding parts were dominated by leaves (66. 22%) and fruits/seeds (24. 32%). There were significant differences in water, total sugar, starch, fat and tannin content among different feeding parts. The water content in leaves was higher than in fruits/seeds, stems and buds. Stems and fruits/seeds contained higher total sugar. The starch and fat content in fruits/seeds and the tannin content in buds were the highest. We also found that the wild Tibetan macaques tended to feed on plants with higher total sugar content in winter. Our research indicated that the foraging strategy of wild Tibetan macaques adapted to cold winter and food scarcity is a comprehensive result of plant species, plant parts and their main nutrients.