鸟撞建筑现象概述及系统性调查案例分析

随着城市化进程的推进, 各类人造设施, 尤其是建筑物及建筑物上的玻璃, 已经成为鸟类生存的重要威胁。有些建筑物及其上的玻璃拥有透明和反光的特性, 这样的特性令鸟类无法辨认出玻璃的存在, 导致在飞行途中与玻璃相撞致死, 或致伤、致残。这样的现象被称为鸟撞建筑或鸟撞建筑玻璃, 简称鸟撞。在北美, 针对鸟撞现象的研究较多。在美国, 鸟撞每年造成3-10亿只鸟死亡, 是人类活动直接造成的鸟类死亡中最突出的原因之一。然而, 目前中国对于鸟撞的研究和关注还非常有限。随着中国对城市生态学和城市生物多样性的重视, 鸟撞现象也应进入到生物多样性研究与保护的视野中。为了让该议题被更多人所了解, 本综述总结和介绍了鸟撞现象, 包括影响鸟撞发生的因素、预防鸟撞措施的进展和鸟撞调查的方法概述。此外, 本文以案例形式介绍了国内首个系统性鸟撞建筑的调查, 并阐释了该类调查的可行性与必要性。基于过往研究, 本文最后提出了针对未来鸟撞建筑研究方向的建议: (1)对中国鸟撞建筑现象进行整体评估; (2)建立系统性调查方法和鸟撞数据收集的系统; (3)进一步探究鸟撞机理; (4)促进和改变公众意识、影响城市规划与建筑革新。

Review on bird-building collisions and the case study of a systematic survey in China

Background With urbanization, collision with man-made objects, such as buildings and windows, has become a major threat for birds. Because of the transparency and reflection of the glass, birds may not be able to recognize and avoid the glass, which leads them to collide with the buildings or windows. The outcomes of bird-building collisions are often fatal. This phenomenon is relatively well-researched in North America. In the United States alone, bird-building collision is estimated to cause between 300 million to 1 billion birds to die annually, making it one of the most significant direct anthropogenic causes of bird mortality. Despite being recognized as a major bird conservation issue in North America, bird-building collision has received limited attention in China.