岩蕨属植物配子体发育初报

本文为岩蕨属植物心岩蕨、岩蕨和耳羽岩蕨配子体个体发育和比较形态学初步研究。报道了用无机琼脂培养基由孢子培养配子体的方法。由孢子萌发到配子体成熟分四个时期:萌发期,原丝体发育期,过渡期和原叶体发育期。大多数原丝体发育到七个细胞,与顶端细胞相隔的原丝体细胞开始胞间细胞纵向分裂,进入过渡期。同时顶端细胞的横分裂受到抑制,直至原叶体顶端细胞形成开始原叶体发育期。岩蕨成熟配子体精子器盖细胞不分裂,耳羽岩蕨分裂为一个圆形细胞和一个镰刀形细胞,而心岩蕨两种情况兼而有之,配子体比较形态特征支持心岩蕨可能是以岩蕨和耳羽岩蕨为双亲的异源双二倍体的假设[5]。

A BRIEF REPORT OF DEVELOPMENT OF GAMETOPHYTES IN WOODSIA

In the present paper the ontogcneses of gametophytes in Wo-odsia subcordata Turcz., W. ilvensis R. Br. and W. polystichoides Eat. have been reported briefly. The gametophytes used for experimental studies were obtained by means of culture from spores in the medium containing mineral components.There are four phases in the early development of gametophytes of Wo-odsia, namely germination, protonemal development, transition and prothallus development. The filamentous phase ends, in most cases, after seven chloro-cytes have been formed by apical cell division at right angle to the axis of the protonema, when interstitial divisions are initiated by the third cell from the apical one at the beginning of transition. At the same time the division of the apical cell of protonema is inhibited. When the apical cell of the young prothallus is newly formed the phase of prothallus development begins. In mature gametophytes the cap cell of antheridium is usually divided into a circular cell and a sickle-shaped one in W. polystichoides; the cap cell isundivided in W. ilvensis; while in W. subcordata the two types of the cap cells can be seen on the same gametophyte. The comparative morphology of the gametophytes of the three species well supports the hypothesis [5] that W. subcordata may be an allotetraploid derived from W. ilvensis and W. polystichoides.