发酵牛粪对黄粉虫幼虫生长发育的影响

为寻找大型养殖场牛粪资源化与产业化利用途径,本文探讨了杂食性黄粉虫转化与利用牛粪的可行性.将牛粪和黄粉虫常规饲料(65％麦麸、30％玉米面、5％豆粕)按梯度比例混合后,用有益微生物菌群(EM)发酵,筛选出FD1、FD2(牛粪含量分别为60％、80％)两组发酵饲料作为处理,以常规饲料为对照(CK)进行黄粉虫幼虫饲养试验,研究不同发酵料对黄粉虫幼虫生长曲线、死亡率、化蛹率、抗氧化系统等的影响,评价黄粉虫幼虫对发酵牛粪饲料的适应性.结果表明:与CK相比,虽然FD1处理黄粉虫幼虫生长周期延长了20 d,死亡率有所上升,但黄粉虫幼虫单体取食总量增加49％ (P＜0.01),末龄幼虫单体质量增加28％(P＜0.01),粗脂肪含量提高26％(P＜0.05),不饱和与饱和脂肪酸含量的比值比CK高32％(P＜0.05),抗氧化酶活性显著增强,对发酵饲料表现出良好的适应性；而FD2处理各项指标均比CK差,表现出较低的适应性.表明在FD1处理条件下,可利用黄粉虫3龄幼虫对牛粪进行资源化利用,具有较好的应用前景.

Effects of fermented cattle dung on the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor larvae

In order to make use of and industrialize the animal dung from large cattle farms,this paper explored the feasibility of using Tenebrio molitor to digest and utilize cattle dung.Cattle dung was mixed with the conventional feed(65% wheat bran,30% corn flour,and 5% bean pulp) of T.molitor in definite proportions,and fermented with effective microorganisms(EM).The fermented products containing 60% and 80% of cattle dung(FD1 and FD2,respectively) were selected to feed T.molitor larvae,and the effects of the fermented products on the growth curve,death rate,pupation rate,and antioxidant system of the larvae were compared.Compared with CK(conventional deed),the FD1 made the developmental duration of the larvae prolonged by 10 days and the larvae’s death rate upraised somewhat,but made the single larva’s total food intake,average body mass,crude fat content,and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fat acids increased by 49%,28%,26%,and 32%,respectively(P<0.05),and the activity of larvae’s antioxidant system improved significantly,showing a remarkable adaptability of the larvae to FD1.Unlike FD1,FD2 displayed definite disadvantages in most test growth indicators,as compared with CK,indicating that T.molitor larvae had weak adaptability to FD2.Our findings suggested that using FD1 to feed the 3rd instar of T.molitor larvae would have good practical prospects in industrializing cattle dung.