Olfactory antennal responses to plant volatiles in apterous virginoparae of the vetch aphidMegoura viciae |
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Authors: | J H Visser and P G M Piron |
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Institution: | (1) Research Institute for Plant Protection IPO-DLO, P.O. Box 9060, 6700 GW Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | Electroantennogram (EAG) responses were recorded from apterous virginoparae of the vetch aphidMegoura viciae Buckton (Homoptera, Aphididae) to more than eighty volatile compounds in order to investigate its sensory ability to perceive
plant odours. The response profile ofM. viciae reveals a differential sensitivity for the array of plant volatiles tested. The whole group of general green leaf volatiles
is very stimulatory. In addition to (E)-2-hexenal, the following compounds of this group elicit large EAG responses: (E)-2-heptenal, 1-octenol-3, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, hexanol-1, hexanal, 2-heptanone and 3-octanone. Relatively large EAGs are also produced by 4-methoxybenzaldehyde
(p-anisaldehyde), hexanonitrile, heptanonitrile, 1,6-hexanedithiol, butyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate, (−)-(1S)-β-pinene, (+)-(S)-carvone, (−)-(R)-carvone, α-terpineol, linalool and citronellal. The nitriles are the most effective of all plant volatiles tested. Structure-activity
relationships occur in various groups of chemicals and members of the green leaf volatiles, benzaldehydes, isothiocyanates
and monoterpenes are ranked accordingly. In the group of green leaf volatiles, aliphatic aldehydes are more stimulating than
the corresponding alcohols. EAG responses to series of saturated aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes reveal that C6 and C7 compounds are the most stimulatory. Dose-response curves show that the rank order of EAG response amplitudes hardly changes
at lower dosages. It is concluded thatM. viciae perceives general plant volatiles as well as more-specific components, such as nitriles and isothiocyanates, associated with
the odour blends of non-host plant species. |
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Keywords: | Aphididae attractants electroantennogram kairomones Megoura viciae odours olfaction plant volatiles repellents semiochemicals |
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