Effect of vitamin D(3) treatment in the neonatal or adolescent age (hormonal imprinting) on the thymic glucocorticoid receptor of the adult male rat

Single neonatal treatment with 25 microg vitamin D(3) significantly decreased the thymic glucocorticoid receptor density (B(max)) of 6-week-old male rats. In females, a similar treatment did not cause any changes. Single vitamin D(3) treatment (50 microg) during adolescence (i.e. 6-week-old animals) significantly increased the glucocorticoid receptor density in adult (10-week-old) males. No significant changes in receptor affinity (K(d)) could be observed. Considering that in earlier experiments similar neonatal treatments influenced bone mineral mass and sexual behavior, the hormonal imprinting effect of vitamin D(3) and its harmful effect on the development of other members of the steroid receptor superfamily, seems to be unquestionable.