美洲斑潜蝇蛹期化学环境对成虫嗅觉定向的影响

将美洲斑潜蝇Liriomyzasativae Blanchard蛹分别暴露于3种植物挥发物-芳 樟醇、β-子丁香烯和3- 己烯-1-醇，羽化后用Y形嗅觉仪测定雌成虫对相应挥发物的定向反 应。蛹期暴露于3-己烯-1-醇后羽化的雌成虫趋向该化合物的比率（37.7%）和平均反应时 间（21.5 s），与对照组（30.4%，35.0 s）差异不显著；β-子丁香烯处理组雌成虫选择 该化合物的比率（46.2%）与对照组（42.0%）差异不显著，但平均反应时间（21.0 s）却显著短于对照组（41.5 s）。蛹期经芳樟醇处理后雌成虫选择该化合物的比率（52.9%）显著 高于对照组（28.4%），平均反应时间（19.5 s）也显著短于对照组（34.5 s）。以芳樟醇为处理化合物的进一步研究表明，蛹发育早期是诱导成虫产生定向反应的敏感时期。将1、3、5 、7 日龄蛹分别暴露于芳樟醇48 h后，只有1日龄组蛹羽化的雌成虫趋向芳樟醇的比率（54%） 显著高于对照组（26%）；但1、3、5 日龄组蛹羽化的雌成虫对芳樟醇的平均反应时间均显著 短于对照组。此外，蛹期暴露于芳樟醇的持续时间也影响雌成虫对该化合物的定向反应，2日龄 蛹分别暴露于芳樟醇24、48、72、96和120 h后，只有处理时间大于72 h的雌成虫选择该化合物 的比率才显著高于对照组；但所有处理组羽化雌成虫的平均反应时间均显著低于对照组。由此 推断，美洲斑潜蝇蛹期经历的化学环境会影响成虫的嗅觉定向反应。

Influence of chemical environment in pupal stage on the olfactory orientation of adults in Liriomyza sativae Blanchard

The pupae of Liriomyza sativae Blanchard were exposed to three plant volatiles, I.e., linalool,3-hexen-1-ol andβ-caryophyllene, respectively. The orientation ratio (OR) and average responding time (AR) of female adults emerged from the treated pupae to the treatment compounds were investigated with Y type olfactometer. There was no significant difference in OR and AR to 3-hexen-1-ol between the treatment (OR, 37.7%; AR, 21.5 s) and control (OR, 30.4%; AR, 35.0 s). Although there was no significant difference in OR to -β-aryophyllene between the treatment (46.2%) and control (42.0%), AR in the treatment (21.0 s) was significantly shorter than in the control (41.5 s). Both OR (52.9%) and AR (19.5 s) of the emerged females to linalool in the treatment were significantly different from that of the control (OR, 28.4 %; AR, 34.5 s). The further experiments with linalool indicated that the early developmental stage of pupae was susceptible to the chemical environment of pupae. After 1, 3, 5 or 7 day(s) old pupae were exposed to linalool for 48 h, only OR (54%) of females from 1 day old treatment was significantly higher than that of the control (26%), but AR of females from 1, 3, 5 day(s) old treatments were significantly shorter than that of the control. Both OR and AR of the females were also influenced by exposure time. After 2 day(s) old pupae were exposed to linalool for 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 , only OR of the females from 72, 96, and 120 h treatment were significantly higher than that of the control. AR of the females from all treatments were significant shorter than that of the control. It is therefore inferred that the chemical environment in pupal stage could influence the olfactory orientation of adult females in L. sativae.