Antimicrobial Peptides and their Potential as Oral Therapeutic Agents |
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Authors: | Stuart?G?Dashper Sze?Wei?Liu Email author" target="_blank">Eric?C?ReynoldsEmail author |
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Institution: | (1) Cooperative Research Centre for Oral Health Science, School of Dental Science, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia;(2) Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia |
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Abstract: | Dental caries (tooth decay) and periodontal diseases are the most prevalent bacterial infectious diseases of mankind, together
affecting almost the entire population of the world. Both diseases are caused by oral bacteria that exist as components of
a polymicrobial biofilm, known as dental plaque, on the tooth surface. The control of specific types of bacteria and/or total
numbers of bacteria in dental plaque could lead to prevention or resolution of disease. Antimicrobial peptides isolated from
a wide range of natural sources have been known for over 30 years yet little progress had been made in the therapeutic application
of these peptides. This is due in part to the characteristics, including susceptibility to proteolysis, of the cationic amphipathic
antimicrobial peptides that form the majority of peptides discovered to date. Bovine milk is a readily available source of
a range of bioactive peptides. We have isolated and characterized a novel anionic antimicrobial peptide, Kappacin, from bovine
milk. Antibacterial activity of the peptide is increased when it is complexed with zinc ions. We have demonstrated that a
Kappacin:Zn2+ preparation is able to suppress the growth of oral cariogenic bacteria in a biofilm. The Kappacin:Zn2+ antibacterial complex may have potential as an additive to oral care products and other delivery vehicles for the control
of oral disease. |
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Keywords: | Antimicrobial peptides dental caries periodontal disease Kappacin bacterial biofilm |
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