栖息地毁坏与动物物种灭绝关系的模拟研究

利用多个物种共存模式模拟了不同情况下的不同动物种群演化的动力学特性，研究结果表明：（1）由于栖息地的毁坏所导致的动手的种灭绝是依赖于对物种死亡率和有关平衡态的假设的，不同的假设下，既使栖息地的破坏率相同，灭绝的物种可能是竞争能力最强的若干物种，也可能是竞争能力相对较弱的若干物种，既不象传统的物种进化理论所认为的必是弱的物种先灭绝，也不象Tilman等人所认为的一定是最强的若干物种先灭绝；（2）如果弱的物种具有较高的平均死亡率，则当栖息地受到一定的毁坏时，将有较多强的物种灭绝，而且物种灭绝时间将大大缩短；（3）在物种死亡率不变的情形下，物种在未受毁坏栖息地上的平衡态和大占有率pl^0，将有利于物种的生存。

Study on the Relations Between the Animal Species Extinction and Habitat Destruction

Loss of habitat due to human activities is a major threat to biological diversity. Recently, dynamics models have been used to study the influence of habitat destructions. Using the multi-species co-existence model, we simulated the dynamics of community species evolution under different assumptions in this article. The results include the following: (1) The destruction of habitat will lead to the extinction of animal species. The latter depends on the assumptions of species mortality rates and equilibrium abundance. Even if the destruction of habitat is the same, with different assumptions, the animal species in a community that are driven to extinction can be those that have either strong competitive abilities or relative weak competitive abilities. Species evolution theory took it for granted that species with weak competitive abilities would die out because of the destruction of habitat. And Tilman considered that the extinct species must be those with strong competitive abilities according to the model. But our results are different from the traditional species evolution theory or the theory argued by Tilman. (2)Generally, weak species have high mean mortality rates. Under this assumption, when the habitat is destroyed, a higher number of strong species are made extinct in the community. The extinction time of species will also be much shorter. (3)On the assumptions of the same mortality but different species abundance on the unspoiled habitat, more equilibrium abundance is in favour of species existence in the community.