小窝蛋白-1在免疫调节中的作用

小窝（caveolae）是一类特殊的膜脂筏，富含鞘磷脂和胆固醇。小窝蛋白-1（caveolin-1）是小窝的标志蛋白质，分子量约22 kD。后者不但直接参与小窝结构的形成、膜泡运输、胆固醇稳态维持，还通过其脚手架结构域（caveolin scaffolding domain，CSD）与众多信号分子相互作用调控细胞的生长、发育和分化，最终影响机体的生理和病理过程。近年发现，小窝蛋白-1和胞膜窖不但存在于内皮细胞、脂肪细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和纤维细胞中，还广泛表达于免疫细胞中，参与调节免疫细胞活化引起的炎症应答反应。本文结合最新的研究进展和前期结果，简要综述小窝蛋白-1在巨噬细胞、T细胞、B细胞以及中性粒细胞等免疫细胞内的调节作用，以及在细菌感染如绿脓杆菌、沙门氏菌和克雷伯杆菌的炎症中的信号转导研究进展。

Role of Caveolin-1 in Regulation of Immunity

Caveolae is specialized membrane lipid rafts, which is rich in glycosphingolipids and cholesterol. Caveolin-1, the marker protein of caveolae, which is not only directly involved in the formation of the caveolae, vesicular transport, maintaining cholesterol steady but also in many cellular physiological and pathological process including growth, regulation of mitochondrial antioxidant level, apoptosis and carcinomas by interacting with a lot of signaling molecules through caveolin scaffolding domain (CSD). Caveolin-1 is abundant in endothelial cell, adipocytes, vascular muscle cells, and fibroblasts. Recent studies show that caveolae and caveolin protein are widely distributed in various immune cells to participate in regulating immune cell activation caused by inflammatory response. It suggests that caveolin-1 may function as immunity regulators. Here, we reviewed recent progress of caveolin-1 on regulation of signal transduction in the various immunity cells of macrophages, T cell, B cell and polymorphonuclear neutrophils, and in inflammation of bacterial infection, for example, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Salmonella entericaserovar, Typhimurium Klebsiella pneumoniae.