肿瘤干细胞及其模型的研究现状及临床治疗最新进展

癌症发生最有名的模型之一肿瘤CSCcancer stem cell(CSC)模型已经被确立为一种细胞机制,有助于体现不同类型的肿瘤表型和功能的异质性。然而,最新研究突出显示了肿瘤CSC模型的复杂性和挑战性:CSC表型在不同的病人间有本质上的不同,肿瘤可能含有多种表型或遗传上不同的CSC,转移的肿瘤CSC可能由原始肿瘤CSC进展而来,肿瘤细胞可进行可逆的表型的改变。虽然在特定情况下,肿瘤CSC的概念具有临床相关性,但越来越多的证据表明,定位、鉴定出肿瘤灶中所有亚型的肿瘤CSC将对临床上预防肿瘤复发具有特殊意义。有以下几个因素可以促使异质性的发生:基因突变,后生的变化,与微环境间的相互作用以及存在或缺失细胞分级等。肿瘤异质性可以用不同的细胞机制来解释。虽然CSC具有CSC自我更新和分化的特性,但是它们不一定是正常组织CSC转化而形成的。这种CSC模型引起了科研工作者广泛的关注,我们结合新近的相关文献综述如下。

The Cancer StemCell (CSC) and CSC Model

The cancer stem cell (CSC ) model has been established as a cellular mechanism that contributes to phenoypic and functional heterogeneity in diverse cancer types. Recent observations, however, have highlighted many complexities and challenges: the CSC pheno type can vary substantially among patients, tumors may harbor multiple phenotypically or genetically distinct CSC, metastatic CSC can evolve from primary CSC, and tumor cells may undergo reversible phenotypic changes. Although the CSC concept will have clinical relevance in specific cases, accumulating evidence suggests that it will be imperative to target all CSC subsets within the tumo r to prevent relapse. The following factors can cause the occurrence of heterogeneity: gene mutations, epigenetic changes, and the interaction between the microenvironment and the presence or absence of cell fractionation, Tumor heterogeneity can be explained by different cellular mechanisms. Although CSC has the characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation, they are not necessarily the conversion of normal tissue CSC formed Scientists concerned about the cancer stemcell (CSC) model. We combine recent literature review are as follows.